研究者詳細 - 山崎　秀雄

論文 - 山崎　秀雄

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Nitric oxide-dependent hypotensive effects of wax gourd juice

Nakashima M, Shigekuni Y, Obi T, Shiraishi M, MIyamoto A, Yamasaki H, Etoh T, Iwai S

Journal of Ethnopharmacoloy 138 404 - 407 2011年11月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Croton Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume cultivars characterized by leaf phenotypic parameters

20111105

Scientia Horticulturae 132 71 - 79 2011年11月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Croton #ICodiaeum variegatum#IR (L.) Blume is a popular ornamental foliage plant that displays an anomalous range of variations in its leaf size, shape and color pattern. By fixing such leaf variations, more than 300 cultivars have been produced in the world. Until now, however, only a limited number of studies have been made to describe the leaf phenotypic diversity. Here we investigated the diversity of leaf phenotype in croton cultivars with a numerical taxonomic approach. One-way analysis of variance confirmed significant phenotypic variations in the croton cultivars for 12 quantitative leaf parameters. Among the numerical parameter tested, the leaf index that is the ratio of leaf length to leaf width showed the highest variability. High coefficient of variation values were observed in petiole length, leaf area and leaf down quarter width. In contrast with leaf morphology, the composition of leaf pigments that contribute to leaf coloration did not show diversity. Based on the analyses of the leaf parameters, we clustered the croton cultivars into four major groups. The results of this study provide a numerical basis for classification of croton cultivars. A possible involvement of transposon is discussed in terms of somatic mutation that results in the leaf phenotypic diversity.

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Heat-shock-induced color-pattern changes of the blue pansy butterfly Junonia orithya: Physiological and evolutionary implications

Mahdi, SHA, Yamasaki, H, Otaki, JM

Journal of Thermal Biology 36 312 - 321 2011年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Temperature shock to early pupae causes wing color-pattern changes in butterflies. These plastic changes are ascribed to the hemolymph level of the cold-shock hormone (CSH) in pupae as well as to other mechanisms. Here, we characterized heat-shock-induced color-pattern changes using the blue pansy butterfly #IJunonia orithya#IR (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). In response to the 38–42 °C heat-shock treatments, parafocal elements (PFEs) were thinned and dislocated away from eyespots; this was the reverse of the direction of the cold-shock-induced changes. Somewhat surprisingly, in response to the lethal 44 °C heat shock, PFEs were modified as in the case of a cold-shock. These modifications were not affected by the removal of the head-prothorax portion of pupae. While the hemolymph-mediated transfer of the possible PFE-modification property induced by the 42 °C treatment was unsuccessful in the parabiosis experiment, the transfer of the factor induced by the 44 °C treatment was successful. In contrast, reduction of the blue background area was obtained not only by the 42 and 44 °C treatments but also by the injection of thapsigargin, a plant-derived stress inducer, in males. The result of this treatment was similar to the natural color patterns of other closely related #IJunonia#IR species. We also observed an increase in orange coloration by the 42 °C treatment in females, and this change was similar to ecdysteroid-induced modifications. Taken together, the heat-shock-induced PFE modifications in #IJ. orithya#IR can be explained by the levels of CSH, and other modifications are likely to be caused by general stress responses and ecdysteroid effects. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity of the wing color patterns to heat shock results from a combined effect of at least a few different mechanisms. These mechanisms might have been exploited in the color-pattern evolution of some #IJunonia#IR species.

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Effect of nitric oxide on leaf non photochemical quenching under heat-stress conditions,

KK Hossain, T Nakamura, H Yamasaki

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 58 629 - 633 2011年07月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a photoprotection mechanism in photosynthesis that can be monitored by NPQ of chlorophyll #Ia#IR fluorescence. Comparing NPQ response of #IArabidopsis thaliana#IR intact leaves between the wild type and ΔGLB3, which lacks truncated hemoglobin gene, we report here the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on NPQ under stress conditions. Heat stress was found to severely decline NPQ of ΔGLB3. The effect was mimicked by chemical NO donors, and it was completely prevented by the NO scavenger cPTIO. These results suggest that NO is involved in the decline of NPQ which is pronounced under heat stress conditions.

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NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE-LIKE ACTIVITIES IN PLANTS

Yamasaki, H; Itoh, RD; Bouchard, JN; Dghim, AA; Hossain, KK; Gurung, S; Cohen, MF

NITROGEN METABOLISM IN PLANTS IN THE POST-GENOMIC ERA 42 103 - 125 2011年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Physiological characterization of the cold-shock-induced humoral factor for wing color-pattern changes in butterflies

Shah HA Mahdi , Yuya Tomita , Hideo Yamasaki, Joji M. Otaki

JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 56 1022 - 1031 2010年09月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Butterfly wing color patterns can be modified by the application of temperature shock to pupae immediately after pupation, which has been attributed to a cold-shock-induced humoral factor called cold-shock hormone (CSH). Here, we physiologically characterized CSH and pharmacological action of tungstate, using a nymphalid butterfly #IJunonia orithya#IR. We first showed that the precise patterns of modification were dependent on the time-point of the cold-shock treatment after pupation, and confirmed that the modification properties induced in a cold-shocked pupa were able to be transferred to another pupa in a parabiosis experiment. Cold-shock application after removal of the head and prothorax together still produced modified wings, excluding major involvement of the brain–retrocerebral neuroendocrine complex. Furthermore, tungstate injection induced modifications even in individuals whose head and prothorax were removed. Importantly, transplantation of tracheae isolated from cold-shocked pupae induced modifications in the recipient wings. We identified a chemical peak in hemolymph of the cold-shocked individuals using HPLC, which corresponded to dopamine, and demonstrated that dopamine and its related biogenic amines have ability to induce small color-pattern changes. Taken together, the present study suggests that CSH is likely to be secreted from trachea-associated endocrine cells upon cold-shock treatment and that tungstate may change color patterns via its direct action on wings.

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Chemical induction of rapid and reversible plastid filamentation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots

Ryuuichi D Itoh, Hideo Yamasaki, Andi Septiana, Shigeo Yoshida, Makoto T Fujiwara

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 139 144 - 158 2010年06月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Effects of nitric oxide scavengers on thermoinhibition of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hossain KK, Itoh RD, Yoshimura G, Tokuda G, Oku H, Cohen MF, Yamasaki H

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 57 222 - 232 2010年05月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Plant seeds sometimes do not germinate at elevated temperature. The thermoinhibition mechanisms of seed germination have yet not revealed. Here we describe a chemical approach to improve seed germination at high temperature. We compared the temperature response of germination between wild-type #IArabidopsis thaliana#IR and its T-DNA insertion mutant ΔAtGLB3 that lacks a functional gene encoding GLB3, a homologue of bacterial truncated Hb (trHb). Under optimal temperature conditions (e.g. 22°C), the seeds of ΔAtGLB3 and the wild type germinated at a frequency near 100%. In contrast, at 32°C the seeds of ΔAtGLB3 did not germinate while wild-type seeds retained the same high germination frequency. The germination of ΔAtGLB3 at 32°C was partially restored by supplementation with the nitric oxide-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO; cPTIO), 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid, bovine serum Hb, or isoprene. The results presented in this study suggest that chemical scavengers for reactive nitrogen species potentially improve seed germination at high temperature.

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Implication of nitric oxide in the heat-stress-induced cell death of the symbiotic alga Symbiodinium microadriaticum

Josee Nina Bouchard, Hideo Yamasaki

MARINE BIOLOGY 156 2209 - 2220 2009年10月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

One of the major consequences of global warming is a rise in sea surface temperature which may affect the survival of marine organisms including phytoplankton. Here, we provide experimental evidence for heat-induced cell death in a symbiotic microalga. Shifting #ISymbiodinium microadriaticum#IR from 27 to 32°C resulted in an increase in mortality, an increase in caspase 3-like activity, and an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. The caspase-like activity was strongly correlated with the production of NO in thermally challenged microalgae. For this experiment, the application of Ac-DEVD-CHO, a mammalian caspase 3-specific inhibitor, partly prevented (by 65%) the increase in caspase-like activity. To verify the relationship between NO and the caspase-like activity, S. microadriaticum were subsequently incubated with 1.0 mM of the following chemical NO donors: sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and 3,3bis(Aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (NOC-18). The supplementation of both SNP and NOC-18 caused a significant increase in caspase-like activity compared to the control treatment. Pre-treatment of the microalgae with the inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO before the supplementation of the different NO donors completely prevented the increase in caspase-like activity. These results suggest that NO could play a role in the induction of cell death in heat-stressed #IS. microadriaticum#IR by mediating an increase in caspase-like activity.

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Effects of live rock on the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera cultured with high levels of nitrogenous compounds

Yuen YS, Yamazaki SS, Nakamura T, Tokuda G, Yamasaki H

AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING 41 35 - 43 2009年07月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Reef-building corals are sensitive to excessive nitrogenous (N) compounds. To maintain levels of inorganic nitrogenous compounds low in coral aquaria, various technologies, mechanical, chemical and biological, have been applied. As one of the biological techniques, “live rock,” which can be defined as a dead coral skeleton covered with crustose coralline algae (CCA), has long been applied for coral aquaria. Until recently, however, there has been little evidence for the effectiveness of live rock in removal of N compounds from coral aquaria. Demonstrating comparative experiments with live rocks, here we report that the live rock is capable of removing N compounds and reduces the mortality of reef-building coral. We cultured the reef-building coral #IAcropora digitifera#IR with the sea cucumber #IHolothuria atra#IR as a natural nitrogen producer.#I H. atra#IR increased the concentration of the inorganic N compounds (NH#D4#DR#U+#UR, NO#D3#DR#U−#UR and NO#D2#DR#U−#UR) that resulted in high coral mortality. The presence of the live rock remarkably reduced the concentrations and sustained a high coral photosynthetic activity. We detected the functional genes #IamoA#IR and #InirS#IR within the live rock, suggesting the occurrence of both nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. These results support the idea that “live rock” is an effective biofilter that can maintain water quality suitable for reef-building corals.

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Purification and Molecular Cloning of Xylanases from the Wood-Feeding Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki

Arawaka G, Watanabe H, Yamasaki H, Maekawa H, Tokuda G

BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 73 710 - 718 2009年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

#ICoptotermes formosanus#IR is one of the most destructive termites in the southern part of Japan as well as in the United States. Hemicellulose is a noncellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, and xylan is the major constituent of hemicellulose. Since hemicellulose prevents access of cellulolytic enzymes to cellulose, enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose is beneficial for cellulose digestion. We purified three functional xylanases to homogeneity from #IC. formosanus#IR for the first time. Elution profiles from the whole termite extract suggest that these three xylanases play major roles in xylan digestion in the gut of the termites. The corresponding cDNAs were successfully cloned based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences, encoding GHF11 xylanases. Reverse transcription-PCR using manipulated protozoan cells in the hindgut revealed that the corresponding genes were expressed in the symbiotic flagellate Holomastigotoides mirabile. These results suggest that the GHF11 xylanases that are produced by the symbiotic flagellates play a primary role in xylan degradation in #IC. formosanus#IR.

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Latitudinal variation in reproductive synchrony in Acropora assemblages: Japan vs. Australia

Andrew H Baird, Chico L Birrel, Terence P Hughes, Abbi Mcdonald, Satoshi Nojima, Cathie A Page, Morgan S Prachett, Hideo Yamasaki

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 11 101 - 108 2009年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

The annual mass spawning of scleractinian corals on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, is purported to be unprecedented in terms of the taxonomic and geographical scale of spawning synchrony. Here, we compare spawning synchrony both within and among coral species in four regions spanning 10°of latitude on the GBR and compare this with four regions separated by a similar latitudinal range within the Japanese tropical and sub-tropical Archipelago. On the GBR, peak reproductive activity at all latitudes occurred in November whereas there was a clear disjunction in the period of peak reproductive activity among the four regions in Japan, with tropical locations spawning up to 3 months earlier. In Sekesei Lagoon (22°N), a high proportion of #IAcropora#IR colonies were mature following the full moon in April; at Akajima Island (26°N) peak reproductive activity occurred in May; at Oku (28°N) peak reproductive activity occurred in June and in Amakusa (31°N), reproductive activity likely peaked in July. However, mature colonies of #IAcropora#IR were found prior to every full moon for at least 5 months at two regions examined in detail (The Whitsundays Islands on the GBR and Akajima Island). While these regions on GBR appear to act more homogeneously than regions over a similar latitudinal range in Japan with respect to the timing of peak reproductive activity, and the proportion of colonies mature was often higher during these peaks, the reproductive season on the GBR is much longer (5 months) than is typically appreciated.

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Flicker light effects on photosynthesis of symbiotic algae in the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera (Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia)

Takashi Nakamura, Hideo Yamasaki

PACIFIC SCIENCE 62 314 - 350 2008年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Reef-building corals inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats with a range of light conditions. Because the coral host depends on photosynthetic products assimilated from endosymbiotic algae, reef-building corals have to cope with irradiance fluctuations on instantaneous to seasonal time scales. Underwater high-frequency light fluctuations resulting from the lens effect on the water surface are prominent in oligotrophic coral reef environments, a phenomenon known as flicker light. Effects of flicker light on endosymbiont photosynthesis of the reef-building coral #IAcropora digitifera#IR (Dana, 1846) were evaluated with pulse amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorometry. At supersaturating light intensities, photosynthesis was less inhibited by flicker light than by constant light. Reduction in photoinhibition by flicker light was pronounced at high water temperatures. Flicker light may strongly influence endosymbiont photosynthesis of corals inhabiting shallow reef habitats, especially during periods of strong solar irradiance and high water temperature.

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Heat stress stimulates nitric oxide production in Symbiodinium microadriaticum: A possible linkage between nitric oxide and the coral bleaching phenomenon

Josee Nina Bouchard, Hideo Yamasaki

PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 49 641 - 652 2008年04月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas displaying multiple physiological functions in plants, animals and bacteria. The enzymes nitrate reductase and NO synthase have been suggested to be involved in the production of NO in plants and algae, but the implication of those enzymes in NO production under physiological conditions remains obscure. #ISymbiodinium microadriaticum#IR, commonly referred to as zooxanthellae, is a marine microalga commonly found in symbiotic association with a cnidarian host including reef-building corals. Here we demonstrate NO production in zooxanthellae upon supplementation of either sodium nitrite or L-arginine as a substrate. The nitrite-dependent NO production was detected electrochemically and confirmed by the application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a specific NO scavenger. Cells stained with the diaminofluorescein, DAF-2 DA, an NO fluorescent probe, showed an increase in fluorescence intensity upon supplementation of both sodium nitrite and L-arginine. Microscopic observations of DAF-stained cells verified that NO was produced inside the cells. NO production in S. microadriaticum was found to increase upon exposure of cells to an acute heat stress which also caused a decline in the photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). This study provides substantial evidence to confirm that zooxanthellae can synthesize NO even when they are not in a symbiotic association with a coral host. The increase in NO production at high temperatures suggests that heat stress stimulates the microalgal NO production in a temperature-dependent manner. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the coral bleaching phenomenon which is associated with elevated sea surface temperature due to global warming.

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Influence of water flow on skeletal isotopic composition in the coral Pocillopora damicornis

Atsushi Suzuki, Takashi Nakamura, Hideo Yamasaki, Kayo Minoshima, Hodaka Kawahata

CORAL REEFS 27 209 - 218 2008年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fragments of branching #IPocillopora damicornis#IR coral colonies were grown in experimental flumes under two water flow regimes. Colony size and buoyant weight increased most rapidly in the fast-flow regime. Branch tips from the upper and outer parts of the colonies showed the lowest and most consistent skeletal oxygen isotope ratios. Flow regime had little influence on the lowest oxygen isotope ratios, which were at least 3.5‰ lighter than the calculated oxygen isotopic equilibrium. These “kinetic” isotope effects are comparable to those observed in #IPorites#IR corals. Relatively more branch tips showed extreme #U18#URO depletions under low-flow conditions, and among small coral colonies. Isotopic variability was greater among branch tips from the lower and inner parts of the colonies and at high flow. Skeletal oxygen and carbon isotope ratios generally showed positive correlations. Despite the particularly large offsets from isotopic equilibrium, the isotopically lightest branches showed the greatest isotopic consistency and therefore would make the best isotopic thermometers. Isotopic variability within the colony may provide an indication of flow regime.

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Colonization of Sulfurovum sp on the gill surfaces of Alvinocaris longirostris, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp

Gaku Tokuda, Akinori Yamada, Kazuma Nakano, Nao Arita O, Hideo Yamasaki

MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE 29 106 - 114 2008年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are unique light‐independent ecosystems that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. For many of the invertebrates inhabiting in such environments, bacteria play essential roles in both energy acquisition and detoxification of potentially toxic gases such as H#D2#DRS. In this study, the bacterial flora present on the gills of #IAlvinocaris longirostris#IR (Bresiliidae: Caridea), a shrimp inhabiting hydrothermal vents (1532 m depth) at the Hatoma Knoll of the Okinawa Trough, was investigated. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were successfully amplified from the gills and 70% of these fragments showed an identical pattern in the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These fragments were assigned to the ribotype AL‐1. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that AL‐1 forms a monophyletic clade with #ISulfurovum#IR spp. (ε‐Proteobacteria). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for AL‐1 and electron microscopy showed the presence of short‐rod bacteria lining up on the cuticular layer of the surface of the gill filaments. These results suggest that bacterial association with gills also occurs in bresiliid shrimps.

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Isoprene emission from tropical trees in Okinawa Island, Japan

Tambuan T, Baba S, Kuniyoshi A, Iwasaki H, Nakamura T, Yamasaki H, Oku H

CHEMOSPHERE 65 2138 - 2144 2006年11月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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NO signal at the crossroads: polyamine-induced nitric oxide synthesis in plants?

Yamasaki H, Cohen MF

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 11 522 - 524 2006年11月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Currently, the most confounding issue in plant NO biology is the mechanism(s) for NO production. Until only a few years ago, the source of arginine-dependent NO production in plants had been presumed to be a mammalian-type NOS. However, to date, no such homologue has been found in plant genomes. In 2003, two types of NOS (iNOS and AtNOS1) were reported that do not share sequence similarity to mammalian-type NOS but were thought to have unique mechanisms for arginine-dependent NO synthesis. One year later, two papers describing iNOS were retracted, and now the NOS activity of AtNOS1 seems to be in doubt. Although it is still possible that a unique plant NOS might exist, the loss of two strong candidates for catalysis of an arginine-dependent NO pathway in plants has left a gaping hole in the field. Problems with NO detection methodologies could account for some of the present confusion. As an enzymatic source of NO in plants, nitrate reductase (NR) is now the only protein whose NO-producing activity has been confirmed. Although it seems unlikely that cytosolic assimilatory NR functions as the sole source of NO signals, PAs can down-regulate nitrate assimilation, and probably also NO production from nitrite, by interacting with the binding protein 14-3-3. Although further onfirmation of PA-induced NO production is necessary, the bservations reported by Tun et al. could imply the presence of an unknown enzyme responsible for direct conversion of PAs to NO.

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Influence of Tithonia diversifolia and triple superphosphate on dissolution and effectiveness of phosphate rock in acidic soil

Isaac Savini, Paul C. Smithson, Nancy K. Karanja, Hideo Yamasaki

JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE 169 539 - 604 2006年10月

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Acroporid corals growing over a methane-bubbling hydrothermal vent, Southern Ryukyu Archipelago

Nakamura T, Yamazak SS, Sakai K, Yamasaki H, Furushima Y, Yamamoto H

CORAL REEFS 25 382 - 382 2006年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Hydrothermal vents have been reported from the areas of coral reef in Papua New Guinea, Baja California and Taketomi-jima in the southern Ryukyu Archipelago. The high temperature and chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids are normally lethal to many marine animals. In 2005 an investigation was conducted of a submarine hot spring field 1 km off Taketomi Island, Okinawa, Japan in depths of 13–22 m. The main hydrothermal vent discharged water at 50–60 ºC, at a pH of 6.56, DO 1 gl#U-1#UR, and salinity 3.3%. There was a barren zone surrounding the vent out to 5–10 m. At a distance of 20 m small aggregations of live Acroporid corals were found. Live branching corals were also found in an area of vigorous methane release, where coral and sediment are covered with a white microbial mat, notwithstanding temperatures of 41 ºC, salinity 3.3%, pH 6.67, and DO 0.4 gl#U-1#UR,. It is notable that no massive, encrusting, or tabular colonies grow in this area. The lower parts of colonies appear to be inhibited by the microbial mats; however, upper parts (20 cm above the substrate) are well pigmented. Reduced pigmentation at the axial tips is indicative of active growth.

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