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• Yields of buckwheat and groundnut and dynanics of soil nutrients in rotation fertilized mainly with cow dung pellet compost

  Makoto KITOU

  Japanese Journal of Crop Science ( Crop Science Society of Japan )  95 ( 1 ) 54 - 67   2026.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea ) grown without fertilizer was grown in rotation with autumn-sown and spring-sown buckwheat (Fagopyrum esu l e n tum ) for 4 years. Groundnut harvest residues were incorporated to the soil, and then cow dung pellet compost was supplied by either full width application (FA) at 1 kg/m2 or stripe application (SA) at 0.5 kg/m2 in planting rows, before the buckwheat crop was sown. The growth and grain yields of buckwheat were compared with those of the plot was grown with a standard amount of inorganic fertilizer (IF). Those of groundnuts tended to be larger in both compost plots than in the IF over the 4 years. The compost released more N and P per kilogram than did the inorganic fertilizers. As a result, the growth and grain yield of the autumn-sown buckwheat in both compost plots were the same as those in the IF plot over the 4 years. The spring-sown buckwheat received an application of half the IF quantity in the FA plot and one-third of it in the SA plot. The growth and grain yield of the spring-sown buckwheat in in both compost plots were similar to those in the IF plot. Continuous application of compost in the field experiment improved fertility over time. The amount of available N at sowing was significantly greater in FA and SA plots than in the IF plot, and the inorganic N content remained consistently higher in the FA and SA plots until harvest.

• Effect of N Topdressing and Slow-release N Fertilizer on Growth and Grain Weight of Buckwheat.

  Makoto KITIU

  Japanese Journal of Crop science ( Crop Science Society of Japan )  95 ( 1 ) 99 - 103   2026.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  To verify the effect of slow-release nitrogen by organic fertilizers such as green manure, I investigated the stem and leaf weight, grain weight and their nitrogen content when cultivating using the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. Three plots were set: urea only (LP0), half of each of urea and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (LP1/2), and only slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (LP1). The growth of LP0 was greatest at 23 days after sowing, but at 68 days after sowing (at harvest), the growth of LP1/2 and LP1 were more increased than LP0, and in particular, the growth of LP1/2 increased significantly. At harvest, leaf SPAD values were significantly higher in LP1/2 and LP1 than in LP0, suggesting that the slow-release N fertilizer maintained a greater photosynthetic capacity until harvest. In LP1/2 and LP1, which had a nitrogen fertilizer effect lasted until harvest, the grain weight and the nitrogen content of husked grains were higher than that of LP0. These were thought to be the result of a combination of the following factors: the number of lateral branches and the number of flower clusters were large, and the seed-set percentage was high, resulting in a large number of seeds per cluster. In addition, not only was the thousand-grain weight larger, but the husking ratio was also significantly higher.

• Comparison of Typhoon Damage to Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabillis and Sesbania rostrata

  Makoto KITOU

  Japanese Journal of Crop Science ( Crop Science Society of Japan )  91 ( 1 ) 66 - 70   2025.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  This study investigated typhoon damage due to strong winds and saltwater splash in three green manure crops(Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabillis and Sesbania rostrata) in Okinawa, assessed as stem breakage, leaf wilt, and survival at harvest. Stem breakage due to strong winds was significantly higher in C. juncea and leaf wilt due to saltwater splash was significantly higher in C. juncea and C. spectabillis than in S. rostrata, which had almost no damage. Some damaged C. juncea plants regenerated, but C. spectabillis did not, and most plants withered before July 21st after passage of the typhoon 10. At harvest, the plant survival rate was 49% in C. juncea and 87% in S. rostrata. Thus, S. rostrata was the most resistant to strong winds and saltwater splash. It had a somewhat higher biomass and N content than C. juncea but a comparable P content. The amount of regrowth per remaining plant was greater in C. juncea than in S. rostrata owing to the greater loss of C. juncea plants, and the CN ratio was significantly higher in C. juncea stems, suggesting a decrease in the rate of stem decomposition.

• Effect of Soil Types and Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Nutrients Uptake by the Green Manure Plants <i>Sesbania </i>cannabina and <i>S. rostrata</i>

  Kitou Makoto

  Japanese Journal of Crop Science ( CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN )  91 ( 1 ) 1 - 8   2022.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <p>Sesbania cannabina and <i>S. rostrata</i> are grown as green manure crops in Okinawa, Japan. The former sets seeds early and poses a potential weed problem. The latter does not. We compared plant growth and nutrient uptake between the species. <i>S. rostrata</i> showed more vigorous growth in pots than <i>S. cannabina</i> in Kunigami Marji (red soil), Shimajiri Marji (dark red soil), and Andosol at 45 days after sowing. Both appeared to have low P tolerance, because P fertilization had little effect on their growth in Kunigami Marji. The Mg content was higher in <i>S. rostrata</i>, but other nutrient contents tended to be similar or slightly higher in <i>S. cannabina</i>. In the field, <i>S. rostrata</i> showed significantly more vigorous growth than <i>S. cannabina</i> at 87 days. The pods accounted for about 1/3 of the aboveground weight in <i>S. cannabina</i>. The total aboveground weight (including pods) was also large in <i>S. rostrata</i>. The P contents in the aboveground parts (including pods) were similar, but the N, K, Ca, and Mg contents were larger in <i>S. rostrata</i>. These results suggest that <i>S. rostrata</i> would be as effective as <i>S. cannabina</i> as a green manure crop.</p>

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• Effects of Various Types of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth, Yield, and Phosphorus Absorption Characteristics in Buckwheat

  Kitou Makoto, Yamashiro Miyo, Michiyama Hiroyasu

  Japanese Journal of Crop Science ( CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN )  89 ( 2 ) 87 - 97   2020.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <p>This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of phosphorus absorption in buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum </i>Moench) and to elucidate the reasons for low seed yield in Kunigami-maaji soil cultivation. Buckwheat growth and seed yield were drastically suppressed in the treatment with no phosphorus fertilizer. At harvest time, root dry weight in the low-phosphorus condition was larger than that in the high-phosphorus condition, as root growth was promoted or prolonged after the flowering stage, which seemed to lead to greater nutrient absorption in the low-phosphorus treatment. In addition, both the concentrations and uptakes of phosphorus in the leaves and stem decreased after the flowering stage, while the phosphorus concentration in seeds remained around 2.5 g/kg in the low-phosphorus condition. Thus, it appears that the phosphorus in leaves and stem is remobilized to the seeds after the flowering stage to keep the seed phosphorus concentration at that level. These two phosphorus-absorption characteristics of buckwheat seem to underlie the crop's tolerance of low phosphorus. Furthermore, our experiments also revealed that the decrease of growth and yield was severe when buckwheat was cultivated with Fe-bound phosphorus, whereas the decline was small with Al-bound phosphorus.</p>

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Presentations 【 display / non-display 】

Presentations 【 display / non-display 】

• Effects of additional N fertilizer and slow release N fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Buckwheat

  Kitou Makoto

  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  2022.09  -  2022.09 

  CiNii Research

• Possibility of reduced fertilizer cultivation by groundnut and buckwheat planting system at Shimajiri Marge in Okinawa

  Kawabata Mei, Kitou Makoto

  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  2022.09  -  2022.09 

  CiNii Research

• Effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on the growth and yield of buckwheat in Andosols with different phosphorus fertility

  Makoto Kitou, Hinako Iwashita, Takahiro Hara

  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  2022.03  -  2022.03 

  CiNii Research

• Effect of phosphorus fertilization on groundnut growth and yield at Kunigami Marge

  Kitou Makoto, Kawabata Mei

  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  2021.09  -  2021.09 

  CiNii Research

• Growth, yield and phosphorus uptake of buckwheat cultivated in acrisols (kunigami maaji) with different phosphorus fertility

  Kitou Makoto

  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  2020.09  -  2020.09 

  CiNii Research

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• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2014.04  -  2017.03 

  Direct: 4,000,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 1,200,000 (YEN)  Total: 5,200,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2005  -  2008 

  Direct: 2,500,000 (YEN)  Total: 2,500,000 (YEN)