研究者詳細 - Reimer James Davis

論文 - Reimer James Davis

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Zooxanthellate zoantharians (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia: Brachycnemina) in the northern Red Sea

Reimer J.D.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 47 ( 4 ) 1079 - 1091 2017年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

The Red Sea was one of the first areas of the Indo-Pacific to be investigated by marine taxonomists, and the literature on suborder Brachycnemina (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) for this region dates from the early nineteenth century. However, in the last 100 years there has been only one focused study on this group in the Red Sea. In the present study, specimens collected from the Saudi Arabian coast of the northern half of the Red Sea were phylogenetically analyzed by sequencing nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA), mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and 16S ribosomal DNA (16S-rDNA). The new results were compared with historical data in the literature and recent results from the Persian Gulf and the southeastern coast of Africa. Results show the presence of six to seven potential Brachycnemina species in the Red Sea; five to six Palythoa species (Palythoa mutuki, P. tuberculosa, P. cf. heliodiscus, P. aff. heliodiscus, and one to two species within the P. sp. "sakurajimensis" group) together with Zoanthus sansibaricus. While P. mutuki, P. tuberculosa, and Z. sansibaricus are known to be widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, P. cf. heliodiscus and P. sp. "sakurajimensis" have not been reported from the Persian Gulf or the southeastern coast of Africa, and the current results represent large range extensions for these two species. Only one of the observed species, P. aff. heliodiscus, is potentially endemic to the Red Sea, further demonstrating the generally wide distributions of most zooxanthellate Brachycnemina species.

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Diversity of microbial communities and quantitative chemodiversity in layers of marine sediment cores from a causeway (Kaichu-Doro) in Okinawa Island, Japan

Soliman T.

Frontiers in Microbiology ( Frontiers in Microbiology ) 8 ( DEC ) 2017年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Microbial community diversity and chemodiversity were investigated in marine sediments adjacent to the Okinawan " Kaichu-Doro" Causeway, which was constructed 46 years ago to connect a group of four islands (Henza-jima, Miyagi-jima, Ikei-jima, Hamahiga-jima) to the Okinawan main island. This causeway was not built on pilings, but by land reclamation; hence, it now acts as a long, thin peninsula. The construction of this causeway was previously shown to have influenced the surrounding marine ecosystem, causing ecosystemfragmentation and loss of water circulation. In this study, we collected sediment cores (n = 10) from five paired sites in 1m water depths. Each pair of sites consisted of one site each on the immediate north and south sides of the causeway. Originally the members of each pair were much closer to each other (< 150m) than to other pairs, but now the members of each pair are isolated by the causeway. Each core was 60-80 cm long and was divided into 15-cm layers. We examined the vertical diversity of microbial communities and chemical compounds to determine the correlation between chemodiversity and microbial communities among marine sediment cores and layers. Principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) of detected compounds and of bacterial and archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed that the north and south sides of the causeway are relatively isolated, with each side having unique microbial OTUs. Additionally, some bacterial families (e.g., Acidaminobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae) were found only on the south side of Kaichu-Doro. Interestingly, we found that the relative abundance of OTUs for some microbial families increased from top to bottom, but this was reversed in some other families. We conclude that the causeway has alteredmicrobial community composition andmetabolite profiles inmarine sediments.

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On the paraphyly of Cytaeididae and placement of Cytaeis within the suborder Filifera (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata)

Prudkovsky A.A.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 47 ( 4 ) 1057 - 1064 2017年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Identification of hydrozoans of the family Cytaeididae L. Agassiz, 1862 is confused due to their morphological similarity, to the shortage of morphological characteristics, and to a lack of molecular data. In this study, sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers were analyzed from hydroids of Cytaeis Eschscholtz, 1829 collected in the southern Red Sea on shells of Nassarius Dum,ril, 1805 (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), along with sequences of Cytaeis and Perarella Stechow, 1922 from GenBank. Analyses revealed the paraphyly of the family Cytaeididae, and indicate that the genus Cytaeis may actually belong to the family Bougainvilliidae Lutken, 1850 (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata). Perarella species grouped within different families and far from Cytaeis species within phylogenetic trees. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the phylogenetic position and formally revise the taxonomy of Perarella. These results demonstrate the need to utilize molecular sequences in re-assessing the taxonomy and phylogeny of filiferan hydrozoans.

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Description of the juvenile form of the sea cucumber Thelenota anax H. L. Clark, 1921

Soliman T.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 49 ( 1 ) 1 - 8 2017年11月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Our knowledge of the ecology and habitat of juveniles of many sea cucumber species is limited, due to their cryptic habitats and differing color and shape from adults. In the present study, a juvenile specimen of the sea cucumber Thelenota anax H. L. Clark, 1921, collected from 30 m at Rukan Reef, Okinawa, Japan, is described. We confirmed specific identity using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. We show that the pseudotable ossicles in Thelenota are table ossicles, and document synallactid-like ossicles not previously recorded in the Stichopodidae.

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Nanozoanthus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia: Nanozoanthidae) outside of tropical and subtropical waters

Reimer J.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 47 ( 3 ) 965 - 969 2017年09月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Two specimens of the zooxanthellate zoantharian Nanozoanthus aff. harenaceus Fujii and Reimer, 2013 are reported from Hakamagoshi, Kagoshima, Japan (31A degrees 35'N, 135A degrees 35'E). They represent the first record for the genus from temperate waters and from Japan outside of the Ryukyu Islands. The collected specimens, although clearly Nanozoanthus, differ in coloration, number of tentacles, and Symbiodinium density in the tentacles, from the only described species of the genus, N. harenaceus Fujii and Reimer, 2013, which is known only from Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. Additionally, acquired cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from the two specimens were identical to previously reported sequences of Nanozoanthus sp. from western Australia. Based on these combined morphological and molecular results, the specimens were identified as an undescribed species, Nanozoanthus aff. harenaceus. This northward extension of Nanozoanthus' range demonstrates that this genus is not limited to subtropical and tropical waters as has been previously reported. They may also be found in a wider range of environments than assumed, as all earlier records are from carbonate substrate in coral reef environments and not from volcanic rock as in the current report. Due to its very small polyp size and somewhat cryptic nature, Nanozoanthus may be more widely spread than has been thought, and future research should examine other temperate locations in the Indo-Pacific.

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Case 3740 — Sphenopidae Hertwig, 1882 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia): proposed conservation by being given precedence over Palythoidae Duchassaing de Fombressin & Michelotti, 1860

James Davis Reimer, Martyn E. Y. Low

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ( The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ) 74 ( 1 ) 92 - 92 2017年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Shifting communities after typhoon damage on an upper mesophotic reef in Okinawa, Japan

White K.N.

PeerJ ( PeerJ ) 5 ( 8 ) 2017年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Very few studies have been conducted on the long-term effects of typhoon damage on mesophotic coral reefs. This study investigates the long-term community dynamics of damage from Typhoon 17 (Jelawat) in 2012 on the coral community of the upper mesophotic Ryugu Reef in Okinawa, Japan. A shift from foliose to bushy coral morphologies between December 2012 and August 2015 was documented, especially on the area of the reef that was previously recorded to be poor in scleractinian genera diversity and dominated by foliose corals. Comparatively, an area with higher diversity of scleractinian coral genera was observed to be less affected by typhoon damage with more stable community structure due to less change in dominant coral morphologies. Despite some changes in the composition of dominant genera, the generally high coverage of the mesophotic coral community is facilitating the recovery of Ryugu Reef after typhoon damage.

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Ascension Island shallow-water Zoantharia (Hexacorallia: Cnidaria) and their zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium)

Reimer J.

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ( Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ) 97 ( 4 ) 695 - 703 2017年06月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

This is the first report on the Zoantharia fauna (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) of the isolated oceanic island of Ascension, southern Atlantic, where zoantharians are a dominant component of the shallow-water benthos. Specimens from two expeditions (1983, 2012) were examined regarding external morphology and molecular phylogeny using three DNA markers, which confirmed the presence of four zoantharian species: Palythoa caribaeorum; Palythoa aff. clavata; Parazoanthus swiftii; and Zoanthus sp. Two of these, Palythoa aff. clavata and Parazoanthus swiftii, were previously only known from the western Atlantic and Caribbean. Molecular examination of the zooxanthellae (=Symbiodinium spp.) of Palythoa specimens showed that they were in association with only one type, subclade C1.

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Rare zooxanthellate Nanipora octocoral (Helioporacea) in the Gulf of Thailand

Plaza P.U.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 48 ( 4 ) 1 - 7 2017年04月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

The octocoral Nanipora kamurai is the fifth species of octocoral described with an aragonite skeleton. So far, it has only been known from a single location in Okinawa, Japan. Here, we report on the second recorded location of the genus Nanipora, in the Gulf of Thailand, where its colonies were found in relatively high densities. A total of 143 separate Nanipora colonies were counted in transects on a coral reef at Koh Tao, Thailand. They were found living on dead coral skeletons and on the shell of a living Tridacna squamosa clam. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and mitochondrial mismatch repair protein (mtMutS) sequences showed that they belong to N. kamurai or to a close relative of this species. Additionally, a symbiotic relationship with Symbiodinium was observed for the first time in Nanipora, confirmed by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) of the dinoflagellate.

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Evolutionary history of the extant amphioxus lineage with shallow-branching diversification

Igawa T.

Scientific Reports ( Scientific Reports ) 7 ( 1 ) 2017年04月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Amphioxus or lancelets have been regarded as a key animal in understanding the origin of vertebrates. However, the evolutionary history within this lineage remains unexplored. As the amphioxus lineage has likely been separated from other chordates for a very long time and displays a marked left-right asymmetry, its evolutionary history is potentially helpful in better understanding chordate and vertebrate origins. We studied the phylogenetic relationships within the extant amphioxus lineage based on mitochondrial genomes incorporating new Asymmetron and Epigonichthys populations, and based on previously reported nuclear transcriptomes. The resulting tree patterns are consistent, showing the Asymmetron clade diverging first, followed by the Epigonichthys and Branchiostoma clades splitting. Divergence time estimates based on nuclear transcriptomes with vertebrate calibrations support a shallow diversification of the extant amphioxus lineage in the Tertiary. These estimates fit well with the closure of seaways between oceans by continental drift, ocean currents, and present geographical distributions, and suggest a long cryptic history from the origin of amphioxus to its most recent diversification. Deduced character polarities based on phylogenetic analyses suggest that the common ancestor of the extant amphioxus existed in a tiny epibenthic state with larva-like appearance of extant amphioxus, likely with ciliate epidermis.

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Diversity of Zoantharia (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) at Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea

Reimer J.

Regional Studies in Marine Science ( Regional Studies in Marine Science ) 12 49 - 57 2017年04月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Dongsha Atoll is the largest coral atoll in the South China Sea (SCS), and is expected to harbor high levels of biodiversity as the SCS is located adjacent to the recognized center of maximum marine biodiversity in the central Indo-Pacific (CIP). However, due to its relative isolation, the biodiversity of Dongsha Atoll has not yet been well investigated for most marine taxa. In this study, we report on findings from our survey in 2016 that focused on the order Zoantharia, for which only sporadic previous reports exist from the SCS. Our results indicate some species such as Palythoa tuberculosa are very common around Dongsha Atoll, as well as the presence of at least three undescribed species, including one species only found thus far at the atoll. Overall, we recorded 16 species of Zoantharia from Dongsha Atoll, bringing the total number of zoantharian species in the SCS to 22, close to numbers reported from the CIP (=24 spp.) and southern Japan (=28 spp.). These findings demonstrate the importance of protecting the biodiversity of Dongsha Atoll, and also, given the limited survey coverage, the potential for undiscovered biodiversity in the SCS. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Zoantharian abundance in coral reef benthic communities at Terengganu Islands, Malaysia

Wee H.B.

Regional Studies in Marine Science ( Regional Studies in Marine Science ) 12 58 - 63 2017年04月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Zooxanthellate zoantharians of the genera Zoanthus and Palythoa are increasingly being studied in baseline work such as confirming distributions and long-term monitoring studies in shallow subtropical and tropical waters. There is some evidence that suggests that these genera increase in abundance as an ecological 'phase shift' response to ecological degradation. However, such studies have been limited to a few regions, including the Greater Caribbean, Brazil, and Japan, with little work performed in the waters of Southeast Asia and the central Indo-Pacific (CIP). We investigated changes in zoantharian cover within coral reef benthic communities around Terengganu, Malaysia, between July 2013 and September 2014, utilizing the Coral Video Transect method to survey the benthic communities of nine coral reefs. Zoantharian abundance was observed to be inversely proportionate to other major benthic groups (algae, dead corals, hard corals). Overall, zoantharians thrived in reefs with lower biological diversity of reef-building corals. Additionally, at one site (Pasir Akar) we documented a very sudden and large increase of zoantharian cover over two months from March to May 2014. This increase occurred after the reef was heavily damaged during monsoon season. Our results demonstrate that zoantharians are an understudied yet common major component of reefs in Southeast Asia, and that large changes in their abundance can occur very rapidly. Further research investigating longer-term trends of zoantharian abundance in Southeast Asia and the CIP are needed to ascertain if dramatic increases are part of a 'normal' recovery process or represent phase shifts in the benthic community structure of coral reefs. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Latitudinal variation in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium of the common reef zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa on the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea

Reimer J.D.

Journal of Biogeography ( Journal of Biogeography ) 44 ( 3 ) 661 - 673 2017年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

AimThe Red Sea presents an ideal setting to explore the variability of Symbiodinium over environmental, latitudinal and geographical gradients. We used sequences from two molecular markers to examine genetic diversity of Symbiodinium associated with the widely distributed zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa in the northern and central Red Sea. LocationNorthern and central Red Sea. MethodsSpecimens (n=329) were collected from 15 locations. Sequence data from nuclear ribosomal ITS2 (n=269) and chloroplast minicircle psbA(ncr) (n=173) were phylogenetically analysed (maximum likelihood, neighbour joining), and Symbiodinium types identified for each P. tuberculosa colony. To establish whether environment was a strong predictor of Symbiodinium psbA(ncr) lineage, SST, chlorophyll-a, salinity, and depth data were fit into a multinomial logistic regression using the package VGAM in the R statistical environment. ResultsBased on ITS2 and psbA(ncr) results, P. tuberculosa colonies were shown to be in symbioses with Symbiodinium clade C (n=172) and clade D (n=1). Within clade C, four psbA(ncr) lineages were observed; closely related lineages designated Pt-1-a and Pt-1-b, and closely related lineages Pt-3-a and Pt-3-b. By location, Pt-1-a dominated the sites within the Gulf of Aqaba (c.86%, 37/43 colonies). At the entrance to the Gulf of Aqaba, Pt-3-a dominated (c.88%, 15/17), while the more southern remaining sites in the Red Sea were dominated by Pt-3-b (c.78%, 89/113). Main conclusionsMultinomial logistic regression analyses established that predictions based on the combination of temperature, chlorophyll-a and salinity accurately reflected symbiont distributions in the central and northern Red Sea. Palythoa tuberculosa host Pt-1-a in the coldest region, the Gulf of Aqaba (annual average SST=24.5-25.0 degrees C), while immediately to the south Pt-3-a dominates (SST=26.0-26.5 degrees C), with warmest southern sites dominated by Pt-3-b (SST >26.5 degrees C). The Gulf of Aqaba is a unique environment, and more research on Symbiodinium outside the Gulf is required to understand symbiont diversity patterns within the Red Sea.

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Editorial: biodiversity of Caribbean coral reefs (with a focus on the Dutch Caribbean)

Hoeksema B.W.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity ) 47 ( 1 ) 1 - 10 2017年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

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Investigating the effects of disturbed beaches on crustacean biota in Okinawa, Japan

Mottaghi A.

Regional Studies in Marine Science ( Regional Studies in Marine Science ) 10 75 - 80 2017年02月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Subtropical Okinawa Island is known for its high marine biodiversity, yet relatively little work has been performed on examining the impacts of coastal development on its marine ecosystems. In this study, we examined three sandy disturbed beaches (including two artificial beaches) on three different sides of the island (artificial Ginowan Tropical Beach on the west coast, artificial Azama San-san Beach on the east coast, public Odo John Man Beach on the south coast) to investigate if differences exist in the environment and crustacean biota between paired disturbed and natural beaches. We conducted seasonal surveys (n = 4 surveys) by placing quadrats at three paired locations (artificial/disturbed and natural beaches at each location, to collect and record the diversity of infaunal crustacean (isopods and amphipods) taxa. Amphipods and isopods are basal parts of the food chain and therefore many marine creatures' diets contain them directly or indirectly, and they have been used in many studies as bioindicators. As well, environmental parameters including sand grain size, water temperature, and seawater quality (salinity, dissolved oxygen content, particulate organic matter, turbidity, conductivity, pH, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium levels) were obtained from each site during each survey. The results showed that while water nutrients, sand composition, and water quality were very similar between paired disturbed and natural beaches, disturbed beaches had significantly less biodiversity. These results show that despite no obvious effects on water nutrients or quality, disturbed and artificial beaches influence the infaunal crustacean biodiversity/community in the classic manner of a disturbance. Furthermore, our results indicate that amphipods may be better indicators of disturbance compared to isopods, as the numbers of isopods were too low to be used in statistically robust analyses. With increasing tourism and corresponding development of artificial beaches in Okinawa Island, it is clear more research needs to be done on this subject. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Observations of coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) in the intertidal zone of Odo Beach (Okinawa, Japan)

SET van, der Meij, BT Reijnen, JD Reimer

Fauna Ryukyuana 37 7 - 9 2017年01月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

Disappearance and return of an outbreak of the coral-killing cyanobacteriosponge terpios hoshinota in Southern Japan

Yomogida M.

Zoological Studies ( Zoological Studies ) 56 2017年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Masashi Yomogida, Masaru Mizuyama, Toshiki Kubomura, and James Davis Reimer (2017) Terpios hoshinota is cyanobacteriosponge that can cause serious damage to coral reef ecosystems by undergoing rapid breakouts in which it smothers and encrusts hard substrates, killing living sessile benthic organisms and reducing biodiversity of the affected area. The reasons for these outbreaks are still unclear, as are long- term prognoses of affected reefs. Some reports have suggested outbreaks may not be permanent, but very little long- term monitoring information exists. In this study, we report on a T. hoshinota outbreak (similar to 24% coverage) at Yakomo, Okinoerabu-jima Island, Kagoshima, Japan between 2010 to 2014. In this period, the existing outbreak was seen to almost completely disappear (similar to 0%) after unusually severe Typhoon Songda passed by in early June 2011. After this, macroalgae and a cyanobacterial bloom became the dominant benthos, but by September 2014, T. hoshinota coverage had recovered to approximately half of its pre-Typhoon coverage, suggesting the conditions that had caused the outbreak still persisted at Yakomo. While the conditions promoting T. hoshinota growth at this site remain uncertain, it appears that subtropical typhoons could play an important role in the dynamics of T. hoshinota outbreaks and disappearances.

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A preliminary survey of zoantharian endosymbionts shows high genetic variation over small geographic scales on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan.

Noda H, Parkinson JE, Yang SY, Reimer JD

PeerJ ( PeerJ ) 5 ( 10 ) e3740 2017年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Symbiotic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) shape the responses of their host reef organisms to environmental variability and climate change. To date, the biogeography of Symbiodinium has been investigated primarily through phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region. Although the marker can approximate species-level diversity, recent work has demonstrated that faster-evolving genes can resolve otherwise hidden species and population lineages, and that this diversity is often distributed over much finer geographical and environmental scales than previously recognized. Here, we use the noncoding region of the chloroplast psbA gene (psbA(ncr)) to examine genetic diversity among clade C Symbiodinium associating with the common reef zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. We identify four closely related Symbiodinium psbA(ncr) lineages including one common generalist and two potential specialists that appear to be associated with particular microhabitats. The sea surface temperature differences that distinguish these habitats are smaller than those usually investigated, suggesting that future biogeographic surveys of Symbiodinium should incorporate fine scale environmental information as well as fine scale molecular data to accurately determine species diversity and their distributions.

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Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia).

Kise H, Fujii T, Masucci GD, Biondi P, Reimer JD

ZooKeys ( ZooKeys ) 2017 ( 725 ) 97 - 122 2017年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

In this study, three new species of macrocnemic zoantharians (Hexacorallia, Zoantharia) are described from localities in the Indo-Pacific Ocean including the Red Sea, the Maldives, Palau, and southern Japan: Antipathozoanthus obscurus sp. n., A. remengesaui sp. n., and A. cavernus sp. n. Although the genus Antipathozoanthus is currently restricted to species living on antipatharians, A. obscurus sp. n. is not associated with any living substrate and instead is found on coral reef carbonate substrate within narrow caves or cracks. The two new species that have association with antipatharians, A. remengesaui sp. n. and A. cavernus sp. n., can be distinguished by their relative coenenchyme development and the antipatharian species that each uses as substrate. Additionally, all new species described in this study have unique nuclear internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) sequences. Our results indicate that more phylogenetic studies focusing on increasing the numbers of species examined within each of the genera of Parazoanthidae are required in order to better understand the evolutionary history of substrate specificity within the family Parazoanthidae.

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Seasonal Abundance of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Sandy Beaches in Okinawa-jima Island, Japan.

Mottaghi, A, Shimomura, M, Reimer, J. D

South Pacific Studies 38 ( 1 ) 23 - 29 2017年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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