論文 - Reimer James Davis

Rarity of Nanipora kamurai (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Helioporacea) at its type locality

Miyazaki Y.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity )  46 ( 4 ) 917 - 921   2016年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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The recently described aragonite skeleton-forming octocoral species Nanipora kamurai (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Helioporacea) is known from only one locality in Okinawa, Japan. This locality, Ama Beach on Zamami Island, is a shallow (1 to 1.5 m deep) sandy reef moat popular with recreational swimmers and snorkelers during summer months. Additionally, the species has been reported to be rare at this site, although no concrete survey data existed. This study quantitatively investigated the rarity of N. kamurai at this site via examining all rocks and rubble within a transect survey (n = 6) of 2400 m(2). Our results show that N. kamurai is indeed low in number, with only eight colonies found over the entire survey area. Of coral rubble and rocks examined, only slightly more than 1 % of rocks had N. kamurai colonies (8/739 rocks), for a density of 0.003 colonies per m(2). As this species is low in abundance and known from only Ama Beach, local management to ensure the designated recreational swimming area at this location should be undertaken.

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Amphioxus mouth after dorso-ventral inversion

Takao Kaji, James D. Reimer, Arseniy R. Morov, Shigeru Kuratani, Kinya Yasui

Zoological Letters ( Springer Science and Business Media LLC )  2 ( 1 )   2016年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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An aquarium hobbyist poisoning: Identification of new palytoxins in Palythoa cf. toxica and complete detoxification of the aquarium water by activated carbon.

Tartaglione L, Pelin M, Morpurgo M, Dell'Aversano C, Montenegro J, Sacco G, Sosa S, Reimer JD, Ciminiello P, Tubaro A

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology ( Toxicon )  121   41 - 50   2016年10月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

　概要を見る

Palytoxin (PLTX) is a lethal natural toxin often found in Palythoa zoantharians that, together with its congeners, may induce adverse effects in humans after inhalation of toxic aerosols both in open-air and domestic environments, namely in the vicinity of public and private aquaria. In this study, we describe a poisoning of an aquarium hobbyist who was hospitalized after handling a PLTXs-containing zoantharian hexacoral. Furthermore, we provide evidence for water detoxification. The zoantharian was morphologically and genetically identified as Palythoa cf. toxica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Palytoxin itself and two new PLTX congeners, a hydroxyPLTX and a deoxyPLTX, were detected and structurally identified by liquid chromatography high resolution multiple stage mass spectrometry (LC-HRMSn, n = 1, 2). Total and individual toxins were quantified by LC-HRMS and sandwich ELISA both in the zoantharian (93.4 and 96.80 mu g/g, respectively) and in the transport water (48.3 and 42.56 mu g/mL, respectively), with an excellent mean bias of 1.3% between the techniques. Activated carbon adsorbed 99.7% of PLTXs contained in the seawater and this represents a good strategy for preventing aquarium hobbyist poisonings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Extremely low genetic variability within and among locations of the greenfish holothurian Stichopus chloronotus Brandt, 1835 in Okinawa, Japan

Soliman T.

PeerJ ( PeerJ )  4 ( 9 )   2016年09月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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The greenfish sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus is an economically and ecologically important sea cucumber species throughout its range. This species is widely distributed, inhabiting coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Our study evaluated population genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity in southern Japan. A total of 180 individuals were collected frorn eight locations from Okinawa and Okinoerabu Islands and sequenced using mitochondria' 16S ribosomal DNA (16S) and nuclear histone H3 (H3) gene. Only three 16S haplotypes were detected (518 bp) with haplotype diversity ranging from 0 to 0.56 and nucleotide diversity from 0 to 0.1%. H3 showed no variation among the studied locations. It is plausible that such results could be due to a shift to asexual reproduction. Additionally, the presence of the species on the east coast of Okinawa could only be detected in one location arid all individuals consisted of a single haplotype. Genetic differences between the east and west coasts of Okinawa have been noticed in other coral reef organisms, and attributed to either ecological or biogeographical historical differences between the coasts due to differing levels of isolation during Pleistocene ice ages. Results from the present study should inform management and conservation policies of S. chloronotus in southern Japan.

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Overview of the order Zoantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) in Brazil

Santos M.E.A.

Marine Biodiversity ( Marine Biodiversity )  46 ( 3 ) 547 - 559   2016年09月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Zoantharia (Hexacorallia) is an order of benthic cnidarians, which are known to play an important ecological role in many marine ecosystems. Although the order has a cosmopolitan distribution, including the tropical southwestern Atlantic, research on Brazilian zoantharian species diversity and distribution patterns is lacking. In order to start addressing this gap, we conducted shallow-water coastal and oceanic island sampling in parallel with an extensive literature review to summarize the knowledge of the order Zoantharia from Brazil. Additionally, mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from specimens were determined to confirm their identity and phylogenetic position within the order. Our results show the presence of at least 13 zoantharian species in Brazilian waters, including first records of Palythoa aff. clavata and Zoanthus aff. pulchellus. Moreover, range extensions were confirmed for Palythoa caribaeorum, P. grandiflora, P. variabilis, Zoanthus pulchellus, and Parazoanthus swiftii. We also present the first report on the distribution patterns for all studied species in Brazil. The current study is expected to provide a baseline for further surveys in the tropical southwestern Atlantic, where Zoantharia species richness is still understudied and therefore very likely underestimated.

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Genetic population structure and low genetic diversity in the over-exploited sea cucumber Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Okinawa Island

Soliman T.

Conservation Genetics ( Conservation Genetics )  17 ( 4 ) 811 - 821   2016年08月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Understanding genetic connectivity is fundamental for ecosystem-based management of marine resources. Here we investigate the metapopulation structure of the edible sea cucumber Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830 across Okinawa Island, Japan. This species is of economic and ecological importance and is distributed from the Red Sea to Hawai'i. We examined sequence variation in fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), and nuclear histone (H3) at six locations across Okinawa Island. We found higher haplotype diversity for mtDNA (COI: Hd = 0.69 and 16S: Hd = 0.67) and higher heterozygosity of nDNA (H3: H (E) = 0.39) in populations from the west coast of Okinawa compared to individuals from populations on the east coast (COI: Hd = 0.40; 16S: Hd = 0.21; H3: H (E) = 0.14). Overall population structure was significant (AMOVA results for COI: I broken vertical bar (ST) = 0.49, P < 0.0001; 16S: I broken vertical bar (ST) = 0.34, P < 0.0001; H3: I broken vertical bar (ST) = 0.12, P < 0.0001). One population in the east, Uruma, showed elevated pairwise I broken vertical bar (ST) values in comparisons with all other sites and a marked reduction of genetic diversity (COI: Hd = 0.25 and 16S: Hd = 0.24), possibly as a consequence of a shift to a more dominant asexual reproduction mode. Recent reports have indicated that coastal development in this area influences many marine organisms, and ecosystem degradation in this location could cause the observed decrease of genetic diversity and isolation of H. edulis in Uruma. Our study should provide valuable data to help with the urgently needed management of sea cucumber populations in Okinawa, and indicates particular attention needs to be paid to vulnerable locations.

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Palythoa heideri Carlgren, 1954, objective synonym and valid name for the zoantharian currently known as Palythoa singaporensis Pax & Müller, 1956 (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia: Sphenopidae)

MEY Low, JD Reimer

■■■   9   47 - 48   2016年06月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

The Automated Recovery Timer (ART): An alternative to traditional ‘burnwire’- based subsea instrument recovery devices

GB Johnson, J Hess, JD Reimer

SOJ Aquatic Research   1   1 - 4   2016年05月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

Sponges hosting the zoantharia-associated crab Platypodiella spectabilis at St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean

Garcia-Hernandez J.

Coral Reefs ( Coral Reefs )  35 ( 1 ) 209 - 209   2016年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Distribution of palytoxin in coral reef organisms living in close proximity to an aggregation of Palythoa tuberculosa

Aratake S.

Toxicon ( Toxicon )  111   86 - 90   2016年03月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Palytoxin is a strong marine toxin that was first isolated from the zoantharian Palythoa toxica and later from other species of the genus Palythoa. How the toxin gets into the animal remains an unsolved question. To study the specificity of palytoxin distribution, the toxin content of Palythoa tuberculosa and other organisms living in close association on a coral reef in Okinawa were analysed by mass spectrometry. In contrast to earlier reports, palytoxin was only detected in P. tuberculosa colonies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Green fluorescence of Cytaeis hydroids living in association with Nassarius gastropods in the red sea

Prudkovsky A.A.

PLoS ONE ( PLoS ONE )  11 ( 2 )   2016年02月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFPs) have been reported from a wide diversity of medusae, but only a few observations of green fluorescence have been reported for hydroid colonies. In this study, we report on fluorescence displayed by hydroid polyps of the genus Cytaeis Eschscholtz, 1829 (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Filifera) found at night time in the southern Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) living on shells of the gastropod Nassarius margaritifer (Dunker, 1847) (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Nassariidae). We examined the fluorescence of these polyps and compare with previously reported data. Intensive green fluorescence with a spectral peak at 518 nm was detected in the hypostome of the Cytaeis polyps, unlike in previous reports that reported fluorescence either in the basal parts of polyps or in other locations on hydroid colonies. These results suggest that fluorescence may be widespread not only in medusae, but also in polyps, and also suggests that the patterns of fluorescence localization can vary in closely related species. The fluorescence of polyps may be potentially useful for field identification of cryptic species and study of geographical distributions of such hydroids and their hosts.

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The resurrection of the genus Bergia (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Parazoanthidae)

Montenegro J.

Systematics and Biodiversity ( Systematics and Biodiversity )  14 ( 1 ) 63 - 73   2016年01月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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The genus Bergia was established by Duchassaing de Fonbressin and Michelotti in 1860, for two species, Bergia catelunaris and B. vialactea. Subsequently, in 1903 Duerden recognized these two species as conspecific, and used B. catelunaris in favour of B. vialactea, and transferred B. catelunaris to the genus Parazoanthus. However, over the last decade, it has been found that the genus Parazoanthus is actually polyphyletic and therefore it has gradually been divided and redefined. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Parazoanthus sensu stricto was recently limited to species which form associations with sponges, but it still comprised of three distinctive and monophyletic subclades. Of these clades, one Parazoanthus clade contains the type species for Parazoanthus, P. axinellae, while another clade was recently described as the genus Umimayanthus based on mitochondrial 16S-rDNA sequences. However, the other remaining Parazoanthus clade contains P. catenularis, the original type species of the genus Bergia. Based on a concatenated set of published data for five molecular markers (18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA, ITS1/5.8S/ITS2-rDNA, 16S-rDNA and COI-DNA), this study confirms the monophyly of Bergia in the context of Parazoanthidae. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support the resurrection of the genus Bergia as a valid taxonomic unit.

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Preliminary analyses reveal strong genetic structure in populations of Leucothoe vulgaris (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Leucothoidae) from Okinawa, Japan

White K.

Systematics and Biodiversity ( Systematics and Biodiversity )  14 ( 1 ) 55 - 62   2016年01月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of specimens of a leucothoid amphipod, Leucothoe vulgaris, collected from sponges, ascidians, and coral rubble from Okinawa, Japan, were completed using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. Analyses of sequences from 83 specimens demonstrate that populations of L. vulgaris likely entail at least two cryptic species, which are reciprocally monophyletic and reproductively isolated. These two potentially cryptic species live in sympatry but are apparently morphologically identical, suggesting a geographically driven divergence process and secondary contact. Within each clade, two major subclades corresponding to the east and west coast of Okinawa Island were present, with divergence times of approximately 1.61-1.83 mya. This last result suggests a role of Pleistocene sea level changes in the current patterns of intra-specific genetic structure and highlights the need for a more comprehensive sampling of L. vulgaris throughout the Indo-west Pacific.

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First record of the genus Sphenopus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from Japan

JD Reimer, T Higashiji, M Nonaka

Fauna Ryukyuana   29   37 - 40   2016年01月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

Unexpected diversity and a new species of Epizoanthus (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) attached to eunicid worm tubes from the Pacific Ocean.

Kise H, Reimer JD

ZooKeys ( ZooKeys )  2016 ( 562 ) 49 - 71   2016年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

　概要を見る

Epizoanthus species are generally found in association with other marine invertebrates such as hermit crabs and gastropods. Although Epizoanthus spp. are relatively common, there is limited information about their diversity and ecology due to their habitats or hosts, often being below the depths of SCUBA diving (&gt;similar to 50 m). In particular, the Epizoanthus fauna of the Indo-Pacific Ocean remains poorly understood. In this study, the diversity of Epizoanthus species associated with eunicid worm tubes from shallow waters in the Pacific Ocean we investigated using molecular analyses (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 = COI, mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA = mt 16S-rDNA, nuclear internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA = ITS-rDNA) combined with morphological and ecological data. The combined data set leads us to describe two new species; Epizoanthus inazuma sp. n. and Epizoanthus beriber sp. n. Both new species are found in low-light environments: E. inazuma sp. n. on mesophotic coral reef slopes and reef floors, or on the sides of overhangs; E. beriber sp. n. has only been found in caves. Morphological characteristics of these two new species are very similar to E. illoricatus Tischbierek, 1930 but the two new species are genetically distinct. Mesentery numbers and coloration of polyps may be useful diagnostic characteristics among eunicid-associated Epizoanthus species. These results demonstrate that there is high potential for other potentially undescribed zoantharian species, particularly in underwater cave habitats.

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A new solitary free-living species of the genus Sphenopus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) from Okinawa-jima Island, Japan.

Fujii T, Reimer JD

ZooKeys ( ZooKeys )  2016 ( 606 ) 11 - 24   2016年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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A new species of free-living solitary zoantharian is described from Okinawa, Japan. Sphenopus exilis sp. n. occurs on silty seafloors in Kin Bay and Oura Bay on the east coast of Okinawa-jima Island. Sphenopus exilis sp. n. is easily distinguished from other Sphenopus species by its small polyp size and slender shape, although there were relatively few differences between Sphenopus exilis sp. n. and S. marsupialis in the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Currently, very little is known about the ecology and diversity of Sphenopus species. Thus, reviewing each species carefully via combined morphological and molecular analyses by using newly obtained specimens from type localities is required to clearly understand and distinguish the species within the genus Sphenopus.

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A citizen science approach to monitoring bleaching in the zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa.

Parkinson JE, Yang SY, Kawamura I, Byron G, Todd PA, Reimer JD

PeerJ ( PeerJ )  4 ( 3 ) e1815   2016年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Coral reef bleaching events are expected to become more frequent and severe in the near future as climate changes. The zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa bleaches earlier than many scleractinian corals and may serve as an indicator species. Basic monitoring of such species could help to detect and even anticipate bleaching events, especially in areas where more sophisticated approaches that rely on buoy or satellite measurements of sea surface temperature are unavailable or too coarse. One simple and inexpensive monitoring method involves training volunteers to record observations of host color as a proxy for symbiosis quality. Here, we trained university students to take the 'color fingerprint' of a reef by assessing the color of multiple randomly selected colonies of P. tuberculosa at one time point in Okinawa Island, Japan. We tested the reliability of the students' color scores and whether they matched expectations based on previous monthly monitoring of tagged colonies at the same locations. We also measured three traditional metrics of symbiosis quality for comparison: symbiont morphological condition, cell density, and chlorophyll a content. We found that P. tuberculosa color score, although highly correlated among observers, provided little predictive power for the other variables. This was likely due to inherent variation in colony color among generally healthy zoantharians in midwinter, as well as low sample size and brief training owing to the course structure. Despite certain limitations of P. tuberculosa as a focal organism, the citizen science approach to color monitoring has promise, and we outline steps that could improve similar efforts in the future.

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The order Zoantharia Rafinesque, 1815 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): supraspecific classification and nomenclature.

Low ME, Sinniger F, Reimer JD

ZooKeys ( ZooKeys )  2016 ( 641 ) 1 - 80   2016年 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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Many supraspecific zoantharian names have long and complicated histories. The present list is provided to advise researchers on the current state of supraspecific nomenclature of the zoantharians, particularly given the recent attention paid to the taxonomy, phylogeny, and biodiversity of this order. At the same time, several taxonomic issues brought to light by recent research are resolved. Details on the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of most groups are provided, along with appendices of invalid supraspecific names.

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沖縄島西海岸における中深度サンゴ礁生態系に関する研究

水山克, 大原拓, 大原拓, WEINSTEIN David, 藤井琢磨, 藤井琢磨, MCCLELLAND Ty, MONTENEGRO Javier, 式場はるか, 浅海竜司, YANG Sung‐yin, 河村伊織, REIMER James Davis

沖縄生物学会誌   ( 54 ) 54 - 55   2016年

掲載種別: 研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）

Phylogenetic characterization of two echinoid species of the southeastern Mediterranean, off Egypt

Soliman T.

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research ( Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research )  41 ( 4 ) 359 - 365   2015年12月 [ 査読有り ]

掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

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In this study we investigated the phylogenetics of two sea urchin species, Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus from the Mediterranean Sea. Specimens were collected from the east coast of Alexandria City, Egypt. Pigmentation examination showed four sympatric color morphotypes (black, purple, reddish brown, and olive green). Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from specimens and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) were sequenced. The results showed that all black specimens constituted the species A. lixula. All other colors belonged to P. lividus, with no apparent differentiation between color morphotypes. Moreover, P. lividus showed high haplotype diversity (COI H = 0.9500 and 16S H = 0.8580) and low values of nucleotide diversity (COI π = 0.0075 and 16S π = 0.0049), indicating a high degree of polymorphism within this species. This study represents the first attempt at DNA barcoding of echinoid species in the southeast Mediterranean off the Egyptian coast, and will provide a base for future phylogenetic analyses.

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