Published Papers - Chen, Bixia

Typhoon-related tree damage and conservation implications for homestead windbreaks on the Ryukyu Archipelago: a case study of Yonaguni Island, Japan

Chen B.

Landscape and Ecological Engineering ( Landscape and Ecological Engineering )  20 ( 3 ) 349 - 362   2024 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Visitors’ perceptions of traditional homestead windbreaks from user-generated comments

Chen B.

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening ( Urban Forestry and Urban Greening )  85   2023.07 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Developing biodiversity-based solutions for sustainable food systems through transdisciplinary Sustainable Development Goals Labs (SDG-Labs)

Jarzebski M.P.

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ( Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems )  7   2023 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

沖縄県のフクギ屋敷林の持続可能な管理において住民合意形成に関する研究

山崎 澪二, 陳 碧霞

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  133 ( 0 ) 78   2022.05

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

<p>　沖縄県には、琉球王府から受け継がれる防塩・防火、防風林として機能して植栽されているフクギ並木の歴史的景観を見る事ができる。しかし、その歴史的景観を形成する主木のフクギ並木は、住宅の敷地内に植栽されているため、琉球の伝統的遺産と認識する者が少ない。その為、ライフスタイルの変化や戦後の農村整備事業などにより、一部地域では伐採され、その景観の消失が後を絶たない。フクギ並木は、歴史文化景観、自然環境保全の観点から、沖縄の重要な遺産であり、持続可能な管理を行っていく必要性がある。</p><p>　そこで、本研究では、本部町備瀬区と今帰仁村今泊区を事例に、フクギ景観の保全に関する調査報告書、区の議会議事録などの文献調査また各地域の区長及び長老への聞き取り調査を行い、フクギ屋敷林管理保全方法に関する意思決定過程を考察していく。本研究では、合意形成過程での重要なキーパーソン、これまでの合意形成過程の中での課題等について明らかにする。</p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

国立公園への訪問動機に対する訪問者の属性的影響

陳 碧霞, 角 媛梅

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  133 ( 0 ) 82   2022.05

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

<p> National parks are usually large natural areas designated and managed by the government and are used for tourism. A questionnaire survey on Pudacuo National Park, the first park in China, was conducted to evaluate the profile of tourists, visitation motivations, activities, and socio-demographic factors that influence their motivations. The key findings include the following: 1) Tourists that visited the national park were young, well educated, and had a stable income. 2) The primary motivation factors are air quality, scenery, stay in nature, escape city, and relationship. 3) The most popular activities were walking on trials, taking of photos/videos, and appreciation of plants and animal nature. 4) Gender, education, and age were influencing factors of visitation, whereas income was not statistically found to influence motivations.</p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Dust capturing capacity of woody plants in clean air zones throughout taiwan

Wang Y.C.

Atmosphere ( Atmosphere )  12 ( 6 )   2021.06 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI Repository

Carbon storage in old-growth homestead windbreaks of small islands in Okinawa

Chen Bixia, Kusajima Hayato

The Japanese Forest Society Congress ( THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY )  132 ( 0 ) 8   2021.05

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Distribution and utilization of homestead windbreak Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica Merr.) trees: an ethnobotanical approach.

Chen B, Akamine H

Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine ( Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine )  17 ( 1 ) 11   2021.02 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  PubMed

Village Fengshui Forests as Forms of Cultural and Ecological Heritage: Interpretations and Conservation Policy Implications from Southern China

Chen, J., Lin, L., Zhang, Y., Dai, Y.*, Chen, B.*

Forests   11   2020.12 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

Village fengshui forests as forms of cultural and ecological heritage: Interpretations and conservation policy implications from southern China

Chen J.

Forests ( Forests )  11 ( 12 ) 1 - 15   2020.12 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Urbanization and Decline of Old Growth Windbreak Trees on Private Homesteads: A Case Study in Ryukyu Island Villages, Japan

Chen, B.

Forests   11   2020.09 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Urbanization and decline of old growthwindbreak trees on private homesteads: A case study in Ryukyu Island Villages, Japan

Chen B.

Forests ( Forests )  11 ( 9 )   2020.09 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Carbon storage in old-growth homestead windbreaks of small islands in Okinawa: Toward the sustainable management and conservation

Chen B.

Forests ( Forests )  11 ( 4 ) 448   2020.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

<jats:p>Research Highlights: This study contributes to the improvement of the understanding of ecosystem functions of trees growing outside the forest, by quantifying the carbon sequestration function of a homestead windbreak, for example, a linear forest belt planted bordering a farmhouse in small islands. Background and objectives: Carbon storage in small-scale stands of forests have been less studied compared to that in large-scale forests. The aims of the present study were to clarify the ecological functions of carbon storage and the economic value of homestead windbreaks to propose effective conservation strategies for old-growth homestead windbreaks in the face of climate change. Materials and Methods: On the small islands of Okinawa Prefecture, the dominant tree species used for the homestead windbreaks is fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica Merr.). We collected data on the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the height of 23,518 fukugi trees in 10 villages from 2009 to 2018. Results: The total amount of carbon stored in the remnant fukugi homestead trees of the 10 surveyed hamlets was 6089 t-CO2. The amount is equivalent to the carbon amount that is stored in a 40-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest, a representative tree species in Japan, of 20.9 ha area. Furthermore, the estimated economic value of the homestead trees was equivalent to USD 235,433, in terms of the plantation and management costs of 40-year-old Japanese cedar forests. This study revealed that homestead trees planted in an orderly line usually have a high density; hence, they have a high potential for biomass accumulation, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation. Moreover, homestead trees could contribute to a reduction in carbon diffusion, by cooling the house and reducing potential energy consumption. The findings related to homestead trees are consistent with those of other types of trees outside forests or small patches of trees: not adding to future land use competition and highly effective at carbon sequestration. Conclusions: The finding related to the carbon storage of homestead trees will provide basic information, as well as a new perspective on future local conservation and its contribution to climate change mitigation. This study suggests the necessity of the existing trees being properly managed, recruiting trees to be planted to replace old-growth trees, and replanting trees near newly established houses or old homesteads where trees have been cut.</jats:p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Carbon storage in old-growth homestead windbreaks of small islands in Okinawa: Toward the sustainable management and conservation.

Chen, B. and Wang, Y.

Forests   11 ( 4 )   2020.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

Old-growth trees in homesteads on the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan: uses, management, and conservation

Chen, Bixia, Liang, Luohui

Small-scale Forstry ( International Union of Forest Organizations (IUFRO) )  19 ( 1 ) 39 - 56   2020.03 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Greening in urban areas and forests can provide people with valuable environmental and social benefits. Active involvement by local stakeholders is crucial for effective tree conservation. Our study focused on the past and current uses, management, and conservation of old-growth fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica) trees from the perspective of local stakeholders in rural homesteads on Ryukyu Archipelago, a small island archipelago in Japan. We conducted semi-structured interviews with local communities and local leaders on five small islands and in two hamlets on mainland Okinawa. We found that residents highly valued fukugi homestead trees as windbreaks. Other benefits derived from these trees included traditional dyeing material and green manure. Problems associated with these trees, such as fallen leaves and fruits, and the potential risk of injury caused by strong winds have jeopardized conserving the existing trees. Our results indicate that the value of trees to human wellbeing and society has changed dramatically from largely providing provisioning services meeting local people’s basic needs to regulating services, e.g., protecting the houses from natural disasters, and cultural services. Opinions in terms of services and disservices differed among islands and stakeholders. Accordingly, decision-makers should consider these changes/differences when developing conservation policies. We highlight several alternative uses for old-growth trees, such as tourist attractions, and propose a multi-stakeholder conservation strategy, which will be important for the sustainable management of fukugi trees.

• Access this article

  DOI

Dimensions and Conservation of Remnant Homestead Windbreaks on a Small Island–A Case Study of Taketomi Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan–

Chen, B., Nakama, Y.

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  18 ( 1 )   2019.07 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

To aid the conservation of vanishing old-growth fukugi trees (Garcinia subelliptica) in Okinawa Prefecture, this study aimed to compile an inventory of the dimensions and spatial distribution of such trees planted centuries ago as windbreaks along homestead borderlines. This paper reports our field survey results and findings from a small island, Taketomi Island, belonging to Yaeyama Island Group. We measured 1,194 fukugi trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm. Mean tree height, DBH, and estimated tree age are 6.05 m, 22.7 cm, and 90.8 years, respectively. Furthermore, almost 60% of the surveyed trees were planted on the east and north sides of homesteads to protect them from typhoons and monsoonal winds in the winter. Huge trees older than 250 years were distributed across 12 different homesteads. In addition to G. subelliptica, other useful tree species, namely Podocarpus macrophyllus and Diospyros egbert-walkeri, were commonly found as homestead windbreaks. Similar to other islands, the need for conservation initiatives and projects for these remnant old-growth trees is urgent, as they are vital parts of the scenic landscape for tourists on Taketomi Island.

Dimensions and Conservation of Remnant Homestead Windbreaks on a Small Island

Chen Bixia, Nakama Yuei

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  18 ( 1 ) 7 - 12   2019.06 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

To aid the conservation of vanishing old-growth fukugi trees (<i>Garcinia subelliptica</i>) in Okinawa Prefecture, this study aimed to compile an inventory of the dimensions and spatial distribution of such trees planted centuries ago as windbreaks along homestead borderlines. This paper reports our field survey results and findings from a small island, Taketomi Island, belonging to Yaeyama Island Group. We measured 1,194 fukugi trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm. Mean tree height, DBH, and estimated tree age are 6.05 m, 22.7 cm, and 90.8 years, respectively. Furthermore, almost 60% of the surveyed trees were planted on the east and north sides of homesteads to protect them from typhoons and monsoonal winds in the winter. Huge trees older than 250 years were distributed across 12 different homesteads. In addition to <i>G. subelliptica</i>, other useful tree species, namely <i>Podocarpus macrophyllus</i> and <i>Diospyros egbert-walkeri</i>, were commonly found as homestead windbreaks. Similar to other islands, he need for conservation initiatives and projects for these remnant old-growth trees is urgent, as they are vital parts of the scenic landscape for tourists on Taketomi Island.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

China's National Parks: Development Background and Barriers to Nature Conservation

Bixia Chen, Yuanmei Jiao, Yi Xie, Thomas Jones

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  130 ( 0 ) 47   2019.05

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

<p>The status quo of protected area network and the problems they are facing in China were summerized, using an example of forest parks. Forest tourism in China focuses more on revenue generation and regional economics than nature conservation. Both the tourist number and revenues increased around 20% in the past years. The swarming in of tourists also brought the great economic improvement around the forest parks, in particular, those with famed scenic sites. The large number of forest visitors has given much pressure to the natural resources. In order to solve the present management issues existing in the current protected area system, China’s central government inaugurated a new National Park system. Using one of the ten pilot sites, Patotso National Park, as an example, the difficulties and barriers to prioritize natural conservation in the park management at the second half of this study.</p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Dimensions and Conservation of Remnant Homestead Windbreaks on a Small Island-A Case Study of Taketomi Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

陳 碧霞

海岸林学会誌   18   4 - 12   2019 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

A Study of Utaki (Sacred Place) Forests on Tarama Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

Nakama, Y., Kurima, G., Nakada, E., Chen, B.

The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus ( University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Agriculture )  65   2018.12

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

Tourism's impacts on rural livelihood in the sustainability of an aging community in Japan

Chen B.

Sustainability (Switzerland) ( Sustainability (Switzerland) )  10 ( 8 ) 2896   2018.08 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

<jats:p>Rural tourism, which is often interpreted as rural development initiatives, has been extensively studied in a Japanese context; however, this has been typically observed at a community level, and the host households were assumed as homogeneous. Therefore, this article explores rural tourism’s potential as a tool for territorial development in Japan, and augments established literature by studying how rural tourism contributes to sustainable livelihoods at the household level in an aging community and a developed economy. For this purpose, a qualitative study observed a farm inn group in the town of Noto, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site in Japan. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) rural tourism in a remote/isolated region has changed the host households’ livelihood assets; (2) the economic benefits from rural tourism are marginal to host households; and (3) the benefits other than income earnings exceed the economic benefits for aging communities. The residents’ quality of life has improved in this super-aging rural community, although the economic benefits are still marginal to most host households. Tourists have brought vitality to these remote villages, and a lack of young residents to inherit these farm inn businesses presents a bottleneck to the industry’s future development. Social capital should be strengthened by forming social networks with the local government and private sectors.</jats:p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Conservation and contingent valuation of farming landscape amenities by visitors: A case study of terraced paddy fields in Central Japan

Chen B.

Paddy and Water Environment ( Paddy and Water Environment )  16 ( 3 ) 561 - 570   2018.07 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Dimensions and spatial distribution of remnant Garcinia Subelliptica tree belts sur-rounding homesteads in a coastal village- A case study of Shiraho Village, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan -.

Chen, B., Nakama, Y.

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  17 ( 1 ) 11 - 16   2018.07 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

The aim of the present study was to compile an inventory of dimensions and spatial distribution of remnant oldgrowth Fuguki trees planted along the borderlines of homesteads as windbreaks hundreds of years ago in Shiraho village, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. We measured 2,447 Fukugi trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of at least 5 cm. Mean tree height, DBH, and estimated tree age were 7.16 m, 24.3 cm, and 96 years, respectively. The total number of trees and tree dimensions were similar to those in our previously surveyed sites. However, approximately half of the surveyed trees were planted on the east sides of houses, probably to protect them from strong winds blowing from the Pacific Ocean in the east. A broad distribution of old trees in the village suggests that a proportion of the Fukugi trees may have been established long before and may have survived the Meiwa Tsunami in 1771.

Dimensions and Spatial Distribution of Remnant <i>Garcinia subelliptica</i> Tree Belts Surrounding Homesteads in a Coastal Village

Chen Bixia, Nakama Yuei

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  17 ( 1 ) 11 - 16   2018.06 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

The aim of the present study was to compile an inventory of dimensions and spatial distribution of remnant old growth Fuguki trees planted along the borderlines of homesteads as windbreaks hundreds of years ago in Shiraho village, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. We measured 2,447 Fukugi trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of at least 5 cm. Mean tree height, DBH, and estimated tree age were 7.16 m, 24.3 cm, and 96 years, respectively. The total number of trees and tree dimensions were similar to those in our previously surveyed sites. However, approximately half of the surveyed trees were planted on the east sides of houses, probably to protect them from strong winds blowing from the Pacific Ocean in the east. Abroad distribution of old trees in the village suggests that a proportion of the Fukugi trees may have been established long before and may have survived the Meiwa Tsunami in 1771.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Recreational use of urban forest parks: a case study in Fuzhou National Forest Park, China

Chen B.

Journal of Forest Research ( Journal of Forest Research )  23 ( 3 ) 183 - 189   2018.05 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

ABSTRACTUrban forest parks provide residents with recreational spaces and interaction with nature. This study aimed to examine the use pattern of an urban forest park in Fuzhou, South China. A total of 249 park visitors were interviewed face-to-face based on a questionnaire, in November 2015 and January 2016. The majority of the respondents visited the urban forest park accompanied by other family members on the weekend and most of them stayed for half a day. The natural/cultural resources and landscape (e.g. air, water, and vegetation) were evaluated as the most satisfying, whereas the facilities (parking lot and transportation to the park) and service (interpretation and crowdedness) as the least satisfying. The factors “income level” and “family structure” significantly influenced respondents’ decision to access Fuzhou National Forest Park (FNFP) by car. The clear majority of the respondents stayed for less than 6 h in FNFP, and thus, residents show a high demand for urban green spaces for leisure, in ...

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Fengshui forests and village landscapes in China: Geographic extent, socioecological significance, and conservation prospects

Chen B.

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening ( Urban Forestry and Urban Greening )  31   79 - 92   2018.04

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Protest response and contingent valuation of an urban forest park in Fuzhou City, China

Chen B.

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening ( Urban Forestry and Urban Greening )  29   68 - 76   2018.01

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Community attitudes toward ecotourism development and environmental conservation in nature reserve: a case of Fujian Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, China

Chen B.

Journal of Mountain Science ( Journal of Mountain Science )  14 ( 7 ) 1405 - 1418   2017.07

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Traditional village forest landscapes: Tourists' attitudes and preferences for conservation

Chen B.

Tourism Management ( Tourism Management )  59   652 - 662   2017.04

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

中国における自然保護政策をめぐる利害対立の構図

陳 碧霞, 大田 伊久雄

林業経済研究 ( 林業経済学会 )  63 ( 1 ) 48 - 57   2017

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

As a consequence of the rapid development of nature reserves in China, conflicts between nature protection and local economic development threaten ecological diversity and hinder economic development. The primary purpose of this study is to identify stakeholders involved in the conservation of the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (NNR) and to clarify any conflicts among them. In the Wuyishan NNR, bamboo and black tea production are the principal industries. Several conflicts were discovered among the stakeholders in the Wuyishan NNR at varying degrees. A major conflict was identified between the Administrative Bureau, local township government, and the village committee regarding issues such as inadequate infrastructure maintenance, ecocompensation monetary values, and wildlife protection. Medium-scale conflicts exist between the Administrative Bureau and local stakeholders from the township government, the village committee, business owners, and farmers. Furthermore, not to be ignored, a minor conflict between farmers and a large number of migrant workers currently engaged in tea farming and bamboo forest management is also contributing to instability of the nature reserve's forestland management. At the same time, stakeholders consider ecotourism development as a means to improve the economic situation of the Wuyishan NNR.

• Access this article

  DOI

都市森林公園におけるレクレーションの実態及び訪問客の環境保護意識ー中国福州市国家級森林公園を事例としてー

陳 碧霞

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  128 ( 0 ) 790   2017

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

<p>This study examined the use pattern and assessment of suburban forest park in Fuzhou, South China. A questionnaire conducted in November 2015 and January 2016 interviewed 249 face-to-face park visitors. A majority of respondents visited the suburban forest park, accompanied by other family members on the weekend and most stayed for half a day. The respondents assessed the natural/cultural resources and landscape (air, water, vegetation, etc.) as the most satisfying, while facilities (parking lot, transportation to the park) and service (interpretation, crowdedness) were found the least satisfying. Approximately half of the respondents were willing to pay to improve forest park management. The mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) was estimated to be RMB 11.63 (equivalent to USD 1.66). The finding that income had no significant influence on WTP implies that recreational use of the forest park is a basic need for Fuzhou residents.</p>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Tourist preferences for agricultural landscapes: a case study of terraced paddy fields in Noto Peninsula, Japan

Chen B.

Journal of Mountain Science ( Journal of Mountain Science )  13 ( 10 ) 1880 - 1892   2016.10

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

The State of Conservation and Management of Old Garcinia Subelliptica Trees : A Case Study in Aguni Island, Okinawa Prefecture

Chen Bixia

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  15 ( 1 ) 1 - 6   2016.06 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Fukugi (<i>Garcinia subelliptica</i>) tree lines were planted along the periphery of properties shaping a green landscape on the islands of the Okinawa Prefecture. Throughout the years, these trees have provided diverse ecosystem services, including wind breaking, home cooling, and air purification. However, in recent decades the trees vanished at a fast pace mainly due to human action. This study aimed at clarifying the present distribution of remnant Fukugi trees and evaluating their habitat and health condition in order to establish conservation and management strategies. A total of 3,052 trees, estimated to be over 100 years old, were found in the three hamlets of Aguni Island: Higashi, Nishi, and Hama. Diameter at breast height, tree height, and orientation were measured and tallied for each tree in 2009. In addition to natural hazards such as typhoons, human activities largely degraded tree habitat and health. Lifestyle changes and population loss in the rural areas are among the major reasons contributing to the decrease of Fukugi trees. Private ownership of woodlands is considered a major limitation to restrict the cutting of old trees. Increasing environmental awareness through the education of village inhabitants will be effective for protecting the old trees and conserving the landscape.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

観光開発に関する住民の態度―中国自然保護区を事例にー

陳 碧霞

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  127 ( 0 )   2016

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

This study investigated residents' attitudes toward tourism development in nature reserves. Local people have a very positive attitude towards ecotourism development, and considered that they could benefit from the economic activities related to tourism. Residents were supportive of the conservation of natural resources, preservation of culture, sustainable community development, and community participation in ecotourism planning and management. Socio-demographic characteristics also influenced residents' attitudes, for example, younger and more highly educated community members were more likely to support learning more about natural and cultural resources and landscapes. The results suggest that the relevant government agencies should invest in training residents, particularly young, well-educated residents, so they are able to take up alternative employment in the tourism industry in protected areas, such as ecological tour guides and nature interpreters.

• Access this article

  DOI

Dimensions and Management of Remnant Garcinia subelliptica Tree Belts Surrounding Homesteads - A Case Study from Two Villages on the Sakishima Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

陳 碧霞

海岸林学会誌   15-2   1 - 8   2016 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Residents' preference and willingness to conserve homestead woodlands: Coastal villages in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

Chen B.

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening ( Urban Forestry and Urban Greening )  14 ( 4 ) 919 - 931   2015.01

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Access this article

  DOI

Forest Management for Water Resources: Applying a Simulation Model to Analyze Rainfall-Runoff Relationship in Northern Okinawa, Japan

Franky Roring Rocky, Konoshima Masashi, Nakama Yuei, Kurima Genji, Chen Bixia, Hattori Hiroyuki, Maeda Chiharu

Journal of Forest Planning ( 森林計画学会 )  20 ( 1 ) 13 - 26   2015 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Forest management practices influence the availability and quality of water by changing the characteristics of forest site, which in turn affect runoff, infiltration and evaporation rates. Therefore, understanding how forest vegetation impacts the relationship between rainfall and runoff over time is essential for sustainably managing forest for freshwater supplies, especially on remote islands due to their size, locations, geology and topography. However, the tool and /or data for studying a hydrological process of a particular site are/is often not available and even a basic hydrological process of a particular site is often little known. In this study, in the aim of improving our understanding of the hydrological process in an essential watershed on Okinawa Island, we use a simulation model that incorporates a kinematic wave approach to examine rainfall-runoff relationships. We tested the simulation model under various rainfall events to determine its accuracy for projecting runoff discharge. After comparing predicted and observed values, we found the model accurately predicted discharge under moderate and heavy precipitation, but were less accurate for lighter precipitation events. We also explored the modelʼs parameters to identify which values most accurately represent the watershedʼs environmental characteristics. We finally discussed the limitations and the provision for exploring various forest management in using our simulation model and implications for forest management.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Residents’ Preference and Willingness to Conserve Homestead Woodlands: Coastal Villages in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

陳 碧霞

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening   14(4)   919 - 931   2015 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Residents' Preference and Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Homestead Woodlands-a case of coastal villages in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

Nakama　Yuei,Konoshima　Masashi

研究報告書（島嶼防災研究センター） ( 2011年度トヨタ財団研究助成採択プログラム沖縄・奄美島嶼社会における行政防災施策・制度・システムの歴史的変遷に関する包括的研究 )    133 - 147   2014.05

Type of publication: Research paper (other science council materials etc.)

　View Summary

Fukugi(Garcinia subelliptica Merr.) tree homestead woodland has prevailed widely along the Ryukyu Islands, the southernmost part of Japan. The homestead woodland has played a key role in protecting the settlements from strong winds, as well as providing timber and green manure and etc. in the past. However, with the rapid urbanization and economic and societal change, homestead woodlands greatly vanish in Japan. The ecological multi functions of forests have been stressed in recent researches. The management and conservation of homestead woodland is little studied, although they have been closely relevant to habitants' wellbeing. The primary purpose of this study is to reveal dwellers' perception of homestead woodlands. The secondary purpose is to explore dwellers' willingness to conserve homestead woodlands by using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Survey was conducted in three hamlets with the best preserved Fukugi homestead woodlands in Okinawa Prefecture. Overwhelming majority of the respondents, accounting for around 91%, preferred homestead woodlands to being conserved. Residents have highly valued the amelioration of micro-climate by homestead woodlands, such as windbreak and cooling the air in summer. In contrast, the contribution to biodiversity was slightly assessed, in particularly, in two small isolated islands. It was revealed that residents at small isolated have highly valued standing Fukugi trees concerning the function of preventing from typhoons. It was found that Fukugi homestead woodlands were considered as private goods by the dwellers as well as local authority. About half of the respondents perceived that the house owners and/or local authority such as hamlet community should be responsible for the conservation. The interesting finding in this study revealed that the residents' attitude toward homestead woodland was significant factor influencing their willingness to pay for woods preservation. Around 25% of the total respondents rejected the payment. Estimated mean and median WTP values were JPY 1,451/household and JPY 1,000/household, respectively. Thus, environmental education and awareness arising will contribute to better conservation of their homestead woodlands. It is urgent to evaluate the non-use value of homestead woodlands as environmental goods and urge local policy makers to include Fukugi homestead woodlands in landscape planning and conservation. （管理者追加）リポジトリ登録情報を移行しました。確認のうえ、加除修正をしてください。

• Access this article

  DOI

Thirty years of forest tourism in China

CHEN Bixia, NAKAMA Yuei

Journal of forest research   18 ( 4 ) 285 - 292   2013.08 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Simulation Analysis of a Complex Infiltration and Drainage System with Pipe Flow : A Case Study from the Makabe Region of the Main Okinawa Island, Japan

Kurima Genji, Nakama Yuei, Inoue Shoji, Konoshima Masashi, Chen Bixia

Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems ( Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association )  18 ( 2 ) 17 - 27   2013 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Makabe, which is located in the southern-most part of the main Okinawa Island, is an upland agricultural area that produces sugarcane and vegetables. Geographic features in Makabe-South have created a flood-prone basin that make it one of the most flood-damaged areas in Okinawa. For example, in August 2007 a heavy rainfall event resulted in flood damage over an area of 20 ha. Several measures have been proposed to help mitigate flood damage in this region, which features a relatively complex drainage system. To evaluate and compare these proposed measures, it is important to understand the infiltration mechanisms at work in the area. We use a surface runoff model to compute rainfall outflow for our study site. To simulate the study site's complex infiltration and drainage system, we model two adjacent infiltration ponds with different infiltration capabilities. Among other factors, infiltration rates depend on overflow between these two adjacent ponds, which occurs through both a subterranean and pipe flow drainage system. The simulation results indicate that our modeling approach is useful for evaluating the flood mitigation measures proposed in this region.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

世界農業遺産(GIAHS)と中山間地域におけるグリーンツーリズムの展開ー石川県能登町を事例として

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

日本森林学会大会発表データベース ( 日本森林学会 )  124 ( 0 ) 97   2013

Type of publication: Research paper (research society, symposium materials, etc.)

　View Summary

 This study discusses opportunities for green tourism combined with the GIAHS program as a way of rural revitalization. The case in study is a typical green tourism project concerning an organization of farmers in the Noto Peninsula. The study conduced in-depth interviews with farm inn owners to investigate tourism development in the depopulated rural areas of Japan, examine its challenges, and present new opportunities of attracting foreign tourists when combined with the global program of GIAHS.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Analysis of Infiltration Drainage and Evaluation of Tunnel Effects for a Doline in a Coral Limestone Region : A Case study of Ashichaga District of Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture

Kurima Genji, Nakama Yuei, Inoue Shoji, Konoshima Masashi, Chen Bixia

Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems ( Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association )  18 ( 1 ) 15 - 25   2012 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

In coral limestone regions, river systems are often primitive and water is drained through underground infiltration from a doline in watershed areas. In these areas, if the infiltration capability is lowered, for example, by trash and dirt piled up at the mouth of a doline, heavy rain often triggers flood damages. In order to mitigate flood damages in a district of Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture, a tunnel drainage was constructed. In this study, we conduct simulation analysis to examine the effect of the tunnel drainage on the degree and extent of flood damages. Our simulation model utilizes overland flow model and analysis of unsteady flow to assess rainfall outflow into the doline and applies Torricelli's theorem to model drainage capacity by explicitly considering both seepage holes and hydraulic pressure. Our simulation model can quantify the effect of tunnel drainage on flood damages and is deemed useful for a doline improvement plan intended to mitigate the damage from submergence in the areas where the infiltration capability has deteriorated.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Distribution of Old Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica) Trees in Traditional Cultural Landscapes in Okinawa Islands in Japan

CHEN Bixia, Nakama Yuei

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  10 ( 2 ) 79 - 88   2011.12 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

A traditional Feng Shui village landscape in Okinawa features multilayered forest belts closely surrounding the habitat. Fukugi (<i>Garcinia subelliptica</i>) trees, Ryukyu pines and other native species were planted to protect the hamlet and the island from strong winds. Among these species, Fukugi distinguishes itself as being long-lived and strong against typhoons and monsoonal winds. Through surveying the distribution of huge remnant Fukugi trees in the old hamlets, this study is to explore when and how such a Feng Shui hamlet was built and the layout that is still a mystery to historians, and further probe into the cultural and historical significances of Fukugi. Through this survey of total 183 hamlets throughout Okinawa Gunto, mainland Okinawa and its nearby 16 small isolated islands, we found that about one third of all surveyed hamlets had huge trees older than 250 yrs., and these hamlets were distributed in a wide area not only on mainland Okinawa but also on the isolated islands. The estimated age of the biggest Fukugi was about 373 yrs. old. Besides, around the houses, Fukugi trees were also found to have been planted around sacred sites and the old public offices. Thus, such traditional hamlets can date back to the 17th Century, and may have been wide-spread throughout Okinawa Gunto since the early half of the 18th Century. All existent huge Fukugi trees were purposely planted. From the standing locations of Fukugi trees around the human habitat, around sacred sites, and even public office sites, it is obvious that the Fukugi tree was considered as an auspicious tree species besides being a useful and strong species.

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten province, Indonesia

Nakama　Yuei,Yogi　Taishi,Ichwandi　Iin,

No.57 (2010/12) ( 琉球大学農学部 )  ( 57 ) 17 - 30   2011.04

Type of publication: Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

　View Summary

Agroforestry is an integrated approach of combining agriculture and forestry technologies, preserving the natural environment, producing food in a sustainable way and providing the local residents with stable food supply. It has gathered attention in the tropics recent years. This study focuses on status quo of traditional agroforestry in Baduy community, which is still little known. It further discusses the land use, vegetation composition, distribution of plants, and forest uses. There are two types of agroforestry in Baduy communty: Kebon and Huma-Jami-Reuma. In a Kebon, without slash and burn, there is an upstorey of fruit trees and woods, and a low storey of useful herbaceous plants for food, medicine and ritual. Useful plants could be continuously harvested. A Huma-Jami-Reuma is a kind of shifting cultivation after slash and burn. Huma, Jami, and Reuma refer to the different stages of shifting cultivation. During the first year of Huma, swidden rice (Oryza sativa L.) is majorly planted. One to three years after rice harvest, vegetables are usually planted when the trees are naturally regenerated. This stage is called Jami (vegetable stage). During the following 3 to 4 years, it is the stage of secondary forest, called Reuma. The fruits and wild plants are produced without maintenance during' Reuma. Thus, the land might be reused as shifting cultivation after 8 years. In Jami, there are numerous useful plants in the understorey. Thus, soil has been preserved with understorey vegetation and the dried straws of harvested rice. Vegetation in Reuma consists of Paraserianthes falcataria and fruit trees in the upstorey, banana plants, Noni in the middle storey and vegetables and wild useful plants in the understorey. Vegetation has been regenerated from the under storey to the up storey; a multilayered structure has been maintained under such a system. Traditional agroforestry in Baduy community consists of various types of land use and the cycling uses of ecosystem of the soil have been accomplished, which result in the soil preservation and the productive agricultural and forestry production. （管理者追加）リポジトリ登録情報を移行しました。確認のうえ、加除修正をしてください。

• Access this article

  DOI

A Feng Shui landscape and tree planting with explanation based on Feng Shui Diaries : a case study of Mainland Okinawa, Japan

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

Worldviews : Global Religion, Culture, and Ecology   Vol.15,No.2   168 - 184   2011 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

and Ichwandi I.(2010) Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten province, Indonesia, The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, No.57.

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

琉球大学農学部学術報告   57   17 - 30   2010

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

A study on village forest landscape in small island topography in Okinawa, Japan

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2     139 - 148   2010 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

Nakama, Y., Purves, J.and Chen B.(2010) Tree Growing Methods : Revised Japanese and English Translations of Jumoku Hashoku Houhou (樹木播植方法), The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, No.57.

仲間 勇栄, 陳 碧霞

琉球大学農学部学術報告   57   1 - 15   2010 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

On the establishment of Feng Shui villages from the perspective of old Fukugi trees in Okinawa, Japan

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry   37   19 - 26   2010 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

A Comparative Study on the Feng Shui Village Landscape and Feng Shui Trees in East Asia -A Case Study of Ryukyu and Sakishima Islands-

その他の著者

No.55 (2008/12) ( 琉球大学農学部 )  ( 55 ) 25 - 80   2009.04

Type of publication: Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

　View Summary

Feng Shui is based on empirical observations of the surrounding landform. Majority of researches on Feng Shui in Okinawa concern the historical study, or analyze village layout from perspectives of history, folklore, and architecture. However, a comparative study of Feng Shui in Okinawa with that in mainland topography is little reported. This study aims to clarify a Ryukyu village's features, focusing on Feng Shui trees and village landscape. (1) In China, and Korea, Feng Shui trees are commonly symbolical separated patches. Some major species include Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus microphylla, and Acer buergerianm (Mainland China, and Hong Kong) and Pinus densiflora (Korea). In Okinawa, forests are functionally used to embrace the house, the village, and the coastline to contain the strong wind. Feng Shui trees include Fukugi, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pinus luchuensis, Pandanus odoratissimus, and Hibiscus tiliaceus in Okinawa. (2) A Feng Shui village landscape highlights the surrounding landform to ""contain the wind"" and ""accumulate the water"" in China and Korea. In Okinawa, village houses are encircled by multilayer forest belts of house-embracing trees, Kusatimui in the rear and Village Ho:go together to embrace the village, and coastline Ho:go. Such a layout, designed to protect the village from the winter wind and typhoons, is attributed to the environmental difference between mainland and island topographies. (3) Fukugi trees that embrace all sides of the house are not found in Korea, or China. House-embracing trees and interlaced road network are the features of a Ryukyu Feng Shui village. In Okinawa, there are always one to four houses embraced by Fukugi. (4) Distribution layout of house-embracing Fukugi was reproduced with HO CAD software. Along with houses mostly backing north and facing south, forest belts in the north, east, and along the coastline are thick in Okinawa. Such layout of Fukugi is assumed as countermeasure to winter wind and typhoons. (5) House-embracing Fukugi trees are under routine care and management to maintain Feng Shui's function. Tree number in every meter of the woodlands was 3.1 in Tonaki, and 2.7 in Bise, respectively. The estimated mean and oldest tree ages were 40 and 179 in Tonaki, and 46 and 266 in Bise. The mixture of diverse ages of trees, and proper density might be assumed as the result of proper management. (6) All village roads are not straight, but courteous in Okinawa. No intersections are perfect right angle. Fukugi tree lines are laid out along the roads which decline from the north-south or east-west axes. Such a layout has been planned to contain the wind according to Feng Shui principle of ""to contain the wind and to accumulate the water"". The curvous roads are able to channel and reduce the damage of the strong winds coming to the village. In summary, Feng Shui in Okinawa, which was adapted to the severe nature of winter wind and typhoons in summer, utilizes tree planting to achieve an ideal Feng Shui environment. Comparing with mountainous Feng Shui practice in China and Korea which highlights the landform and symbolically use Feng Shui trees, Feng Shui in Okinawa is functionally practiced, thus, an ""Island Ryukyu model of Feng Shui"" is argued in this study. （管理者追加）リポジトリ登録情報を移行しました。確認のうえ、加除修正をしてください。

• Access this article

  DOI

■■■

陳 碧霞, 仲間 勇栄

Research in Scientific Feng Shui and the Built Environment(City of Hong Kong University Press)     167 - 179   2009

Type of publication: Research paper (international conference proceedings)

• Search related information
  CiNii Research

The Ryukyu Islands Feng Shui Village Landscape

Bixia Chen, Gengi Kurima, Yuei Nakama

Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology ( Brill )  12 ( 1 ) 25 - 50   2008 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In a typical Ryukyu "Feng Shui" village, a forest belt, known as village Ho:go, was planted to curve in the front and extend to the east and the west to embrace the village along with preserved forest on the rear hill. Lines of Fukugi trees (Garcinia subelliptica) were planted to embrace the houses. Compared to the more symbolic existence of Feng Shui trees in China and other regions in East Asia, tree planting on a large scale was used as a practical means to repair defective topography with little protection from the strict natural condition on Ryuku's flat islands. This study focuses on village layout, forest composition in the front forest belt, habitat embracing trees, and forest plantations on the back hill. Garcinia subelliptica and Calophyllum inophyllum are the predominant species in the upper storey in the forest belt. A large number of species are also found in the under storey vegetation in the preserved forest. Thus, a Ryukyu Feng Shui village landscape, which embodies a symbiosis of the nature and human intervention, provides an ideal village landscape pattern in the Ryukyu Islands.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

A Study on Village Landscape and the Layout of Habitat - embracing Fukugi Trees in Okinawa （II）

Chen Bixia, Nakama Yuei, Kurima Genji

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  6 ( 1 ) 13 - 19   2006.12 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Bise village is a planned, traditional village, which was established in the light of Feng Shui during the Ryukyu Kingdom Period. The village landscape features reticular veins of village roads with houses encircled by Fukugi trees. We chose to survey in Bise village in order to clarify the present structure of the habitat - embracing Fukugi trees in the Feng Shui village. The village consists of squares of different size embraced by Fukugi trees. In general, there were one to four parts inside the squares whose borders were delineated by Fukugi tree lines. Four types of residence units, Types 1 to 4 were categorized to refer to the residence unit s of 1 to 4 parts. Types 1, 2 and 3 were the most common cases, and Type 4 was the rarest cases. DBHs of all Fukugi trees surveyed ranged from 1 cm to 66.5 cm. The trees were estimated to range from 2 or 3 to 266 years old. The height of Fukugi trees which were taller than 1 m was very diverse. We also found a lot of seedlings and quite a few stumps in the Fukugi tree lines Thus, it might be assumed that the diversity of the sizes of Fukugi trees resulted from thinning of some mature trees and from some seedlings being kept during the hundreds of years since the village was established. From the size of the Fukugi trees, we could assume that the village was first settled in the center and then was extended to the coastal area with the increase of the population

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research

A Study on a Feng Shui Village and Layout of Habitat Embracing trees in Okinawa (Ⅰ)

Chen Bixia, nakama Yuei, Kurita Genji

海岸林学会誌 ( 日本海岸林学会 )  5 ( 1 ) 7 - 12   2005.12 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

　View Summary

Circled with <i>Garcinia subelliptica</i> habitat embracing trees on the property, houses in Tonaki Island are mostly south facing, which forms an ideal feng shui village structure. We observe that forest belts in the northern and eastern borderlines are much thicker than those inside the village, which is greatly attributed to the strong cold northern wind in winter and the destructive eastern wind during typhoon season. Stand trees of well-kept houses are arranged in a two storied structure, while trees around 2 m in abandoned residences are an overwhelming majority. Tree density in well-kept houses is higher than that in abandoned houses. Seedling ratio for abandoned houses is bigger than that of well-kept houses, while it is opposite for sprout ratio. It is assumed that well-kept habitat embracing woodlands have been cleaned from time to time to weed out fallen ripe fruits and unwanted seedlings, while trees in the abandoned houses have not been maintained for a long time and forests have returned to a nearly natural situation

• Access this article

  DOI
• Search related information
  CiNii Research