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• Evaluation of the relationship between household economic situation and food group intake in children attending nursery school

  SAKAI Atsuki, YOSHITA Katsushi, TAKAHASHI Takako, OKABE Tetsuko, SASAKI Ruriko, ISHIDA Hiromi, OGATA Hiromitsu, HARA Mitsuhiko, YOSHIOKA Yukiko, NOZUE Miho, SAKAMOTO Tatsuaki, ITO Sanae, MURAYAMA Nobuko

  Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi(JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH) ( Japanese Society of Public Health )  71 ( 4 ) 220 - 230   2024.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <b>Objectives</b> The relationship between household income and dietary intake among older children and adults in Japan has been studied. However, few studies have examined the relationship in younger children, and we believe that this should be taken into consideration from early childhood to correct health disparities. In this study, we examined the relationship between family income and dietary food group intake, and investigated the adequacy of food intake based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top for young children aged 3 to 6 years attending nursery school. The goal of this study was to obtain trends in food intake that can be used to improve poor dietary intake of young children caused by socioeconomic factors. <b>Methods</b> A dietary survey using the food weighing or recording method and a self-administered questionnaire on dietary status were conducted on two non-consecutive days, including weekdays and weekends, from October to December 2019 or 2020. The participants were 761 young children (423 boys and 338 girls) attending nursery schools in seven cities in Japan. Equivalent income was calculated from household income and the number of family members indicated in the dietary status survey. Intake of each food group and consistency with the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top were compared in five quintiles. <b>Results</b> Compared to the low equivalent income group, the high equivalent income group showed a decreasing trend in cereal intake and an increasing trend in the intake of sugar and sweeteners, green and yellow vegetables, and dairy products. The percentage of the low-income group who did not meet the definition of adequate intake using the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top was lower for meals that include cereals and grain products, and higher for meals that include meat and fish, vegetable, milk and dairy products, and fruits. <b>Conclusion</b> The lower income group had higher intake of cereals and lower intake of vegetables and fruits compared to the higher income group. This finding is similar to the results of studies in adults and older children. However, based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, >90% of young children have a diet that fall below the adequate intake of meals, including vegetable dishes and even on weekdays, which suggests a general vegetable deficiency in young children. Multifaceted support is required to address this concern, including measures to correct disparities of income and to ensure desirable nutrient intake in early childhood.

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• Association between sodium and potassium excretion estimated from spot urine and socioeconomic status among primary school children and their mothers in Okinawa, Japan

  Sanae Ito, Keiko Asakura, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Minoru Takakura, Hidemi Todoriki

  Hypertension Research     2024.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  Hypertension is the greatest and the most preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Excessive sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to diet quality. In Japan, few studies have examined the relationship between urinary Na and K excretion and SES in adults, and there are no studies in children. In 2014, 1944 children (1382 households) in all public elementary schools in Yaese town, Okinawa, Japan were recruited to participate in a study. Casual urine specimens were collected to estimate 24-h urinary Na and K excretion and urinary Na/K ratio. Mother’s educational background and household incomes were assessed and used as indicators of SES. A total of 236 pairs of children and their mothers were analyzed in this study. Urinary Na and K excretion were not significantly related to educational levels of mothers and household incomes in children. On the other hand, in mothers, lower household income group had higher 24-h estimated urinary Na excretion and urinary Na/K ratio than other groups. There was no significant difference between urinary excretion and educational levels in mothers. Household income disparities in urinary levels seen in mothers were not seen in children. There may be some factors that moderate the dietary inequalities in children. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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• Status of Nutrition Management in Childcare Centers Based on Whether They Qualify to Receive Nutrition Subsidies

  Nozue Miho, Ishida Hiromi, Yoshita Katsushi, Hara Mitsuhiko, Ogata Hiromitsu, Okabe Tetsuko, Yoshioka Yukiko, Takahashi Takako, Sakamoto Tatsuaki, Sasaki Ruriko, Ito Sanae, Murayama Nobuko

  The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ( The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics )  81 ( 1 ) 31 - 39   2023.02 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <b>Objective:</b> This study was aimed at elucidating the actual state of nutrition management in childcare centers based on whether they qualify to receive nutrition subsidies. <b>Methods:</b> Questionnaires were distributed by mail to 1,538 childcare centers in eight cities in Japan, and responses were received from 979 facilities in 2019. Of these centers surveyed, 684 responded that they were privately managed and responded to whether they qualified to receive nutrition subsidies. The survey included 12 items regarding the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for food provision and eight items about providing information to parents on nutrition and eating habits in the form of nutrition education. <b>Results:</b> Regarding the qualification to receive nutrition subsidies, 484 and 200 facilities did and did not qualify, respectively. Compared with the group that did not qualify for nutrition management subsidies, the group that qualified had an odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI: 1.46~3.82) for the calculation of supplied nutrition among the items applicable to the Plan step of the PDCA cycle for food provision. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of the survey indicated that compared with the group that did not qualify for nutrition management subsidies, the group that did more often used the PDCA cycle for food provision to set supplied nutrition target values and calculate supplied nutrition in the Plan step and to revise these supplied nutrition target values in the Act step. The results demonstrated that facilities that qualified for nutrition management subsidies had better nutrition management than those that did not.

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• Evaluation of Habitual Energy and Nutrient Intake in Children Attending Nursery Schools

  Sakai Atsuki, Yoshita Katsushi, Takahashi Takako, Okabe Tetsuko, Sasaki Ruriko, Ishida Hiromi, Ogata Hiromitsu, Abe Aya, Hara Mitsuhiko, Yoshioka Yukiko, Nozue Miho, Sakamoto Tatsuaki, Ito Sanae, Murayama Nobuko

  Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi ( Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science )  76 ( 1 ) 33 - 41   2023.02 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  A dietary survey of 798 children (aged 3 to 6 years) attending nursery schools in seven cities in Japan was conducted using the weighing and recording method on two non-consecutive weekdays and holidays in fall 2019 and fall 2020. Habitual nutrient intakes on weekdays and holidays were calculated and compared with the standards for each indicator in the Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population (2020 edition). The percentage of preschool children with habitual nutrient intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) was significantly higher on holidays than on weekdays for vitamins A, B₁, B₂ and C, as well as potassium, calcium, and iron. These results suggested that nutrient intake was better on weekdays than on holidays. However, the percentage of children below the EAR for calcium was very high on both weekdays and holidays. On weekends, other nutrients were also found to be inadequately consumed, in addition to calcium, vitamins A and B₁, and iron. These results suggest that there is a need to increase the intake of calcium and other deficient nutrients by improving the dietary situation for preschool children when they are at home, as well as to provide adequate lunches and snacks at nursery schools.

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• Comparison of Analyzed and Calculated Values of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Intake from Hospital Diet

  Sanae Ito, Kensaku Takara, Kaori Shiroma, Chikako Namihira, Hidemi Todoriki

  Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ( Center for Academic Publications Japan )  67 ( 2 ) 139 - 142   2021.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2024.04  -  2027.03 

  Direct: 3,500,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,550,000 (YEN)  Total: 1,050,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2024.04  -  2027.03 

  Direct: 3,300,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,290,000 (YEN)  Total: 990,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2021.04  -  2024.03 

  Direct: 3,200,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,160,000 (YEN)  Total: 960,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2021.04  -  2024.03 

  Direct: 3,100,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,030,000 (YEN)  Total: 930,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

  Project Year: 2019.04  -  2023.03 

  Direct: 3,300,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,290,000 (YEN)  Total: 990,000 (YEN)

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