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• Association between sodium and potassium excretion estimated from spot urine and socioeconomic status among primary school children and their mothers in Okinawa, Japan

  Sanae Ito, Keiko Asakura, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Minoru Takakura, Hidemi Todoriki

  Hypertension Research     2024.01 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  Hypertension is the greatest and the most preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Excessive sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to diet quality. In Japan, few studies have examined the relationship between urinary Na and K excretion and SES in adults, and there are no studies in children. In 2014, 1944 children (1382 households) in all public elementary schools in Yaese town, Okinawa, Japan were recruited to participate in a study. Casual urine specimens were collected to estimate 24-h urinary Na and K excretion and urinary Na/K ratio. Mother’s educational background and household incomes were assessed and used as indicators of SES. A total of 236 pairs of children and their mothers were analyzed in this study. Urinary Na and K excretion were not significantly related to educational levels of mothers and household incomes in children. On the other hand, in mothers, lower household income group had higher 24-h estimated urinary Na excretion and urinary Na/K ratio than other groups. There was no significant difference between urinary excretion and educational levels in mothers. Household income disparities in urinary levels seen in mothers were not seen in children. There may be some factors that moderate the dietary inequalities in children. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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• Evaluation of Habitual Energy and Nutrient Intake in Children Attending Nursery Schools

  Sakai Atsuki, Yoshita Katsushi, Takahashi Takako, Okabe Tetsuko, Sasaki Ruriko, Ishida Hiromi, Ogata Hiromitsu, Abe Aya, Hara Mitsuhiko, Yoshioka Yukiko, Nozue Miho, Sakamoto Tatsuaki, Ito Sanae, Murayama Nobuko

  Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi ( Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science )  76 ( 1 ) 33 - 41   2023.02 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  A dietary survey of 798 children (aged 3 to 6 years) attending nursery schools in seven cities in Japan was conducted using the weighing and recording method on two non-consecutive weekdays and holidays in fall 2019 and fall 2020. Habitual nutrient intakes on weekdays and holidays were calculated and compared with the standards for each indicator in the Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population (2020 edition). The percentage of preschool children with habitual nutrient intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) was significantly higher on holidays than on weekdays for vitamins A, B₁, B₂ and C, as well as potassium, calcium, and iron. These results suggested that nutrient intake was better on weekdays than on holidays. However, the percentage of children below the EAR for calcium was very high on both weekdays and holidays. On weekends, other nutrients were also found to be inadequately consumed, in addition to calcium, vitamins A and B₁, and iron. These results suggest that there is a need to increase the intake of calcium and other deficient nutrients by improving the dietary situation for preschool children when they are at home, as well as to provide adequate lunches and snacks at nursery schools.

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• Status of Nutrition Management in Childcare Centers Based on Whether They Qualify to Receive Nutrition Subsidies

  Nozue Miho, Ishida Hiromi, Yoshita Katsushi, Hara Mitsuhiko, Ogata Hiromitsu, Okabe Tetsuko, Yoshioka Yukiko, Takahashi Takako, Sakamoto Tatsuaki, Sasaki Ruriko, Ito Sanae, Murayama Nobuko

  The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ( The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics )  81 ( 1 ) 31 - 39   2023.02 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <b>Objective:</b> This study was aimed at elucidating the actual state of nutrition management in childcare centers based on whether they qualify to receive nutrition subsidies. <b>Methods:</b> Questionnaires were distributed by mail to 1,538 childcare centers in eight cities in Japan, and responses were received from 979 facilities in 2019. Of these centers surveyed, 684 responded that they were privately managed and responded to whether they qualified to receive nutrition subsidies. The survey included 12 items regarding the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for food provision and eight items about providing information to parents on nutrition and eating habits in the form of nutrition education. <b>Results:</b> Regarding the qualification to receive nutrition subsidies, 484 and 200 facilities did and did not qualify, respectively. Compared with the group that did not qualify for nutrition management subsidies, the group that qualified had an odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI: 1.46~3.82) for the calculation of supplied nutrition among the items applicable to the Plan step of the PDCA cycle for food provision. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of the survey indicated that compared with the group that did not qualify for nutrition management subsidies, the group that did more often used the PDCA cycle for food provision to set supplied nutrition target values and calculate supplied nutrition in the Plan step and to revise these supplied nutrition target values in the Act step. The results demonstrated that facilities that qualified for nutrition management subsidies had better nutrition management than those that did not.

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• Comparison of Analyzed and Calculated Values of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Intake from Hospital Diet

  Sanae Ito, Kensaku Takara, Kaori Shiroma, Chikako Namihira, Hidemi Todoriki

  Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ( Center for Academic Publications Japan )  67 ( 2 ) 139 - 142   2021.04 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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• Salt and potassium intake estimated from spot urine in elementary school children and their mothers in Okinawa

  ITO Sanae, ASAKURA Keiko, SUGIYAMA Kemmyo, TAKAKURA Minoru, TODORIKI Hidemi

  Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology ( The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology )  86 ( 2 ) 76 - 82   2020 [ Peer Review Accepted ]

  Type of publication: Research paper (scientific journal)

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  <p>Salt and potassium intake were estimated from spot urine obtained from children and their mothers at public elementary schools in Okinawa Prefecture. Estimated salt intake was 7.8 ± 1.6 g / day for children and 8.9 ± 2.1 g / day for mothers. Estimated potassium intake was 1157 ± 273 mg / day for children and 1580 ± 322 mg / day for mothers. The proportion of those who meet the Dietary Goals of the dietary reference intakes for Japanese (2015 edition) was determined. Only 5.7% of the boys, 13.8% of the girls and 12.0% of the mothers met the Dietary Goals for salt. Only 3.3% of the boys, 0.7% of the girls, 2.0% of the mothers met the Dietary Goals for potassium. There was a significant positive correlation between salt intake of girls and their mothers. In boys, there was no significant correlation with mothers for both salt and potassium intake. It is expected to improve their diet for reducing salt and increasing potassium intake while taking this gender difference into consideration.</p>

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• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2021.04  -  2024.03 

  Direct: 3,100,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,030,000 (YEN)  Total: 930,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)

  Project Year: 2021.04  -  2024.03 

  Direct: 3,200,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,160,000 (YEN)  Total: 960,000 (YEN)

• Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

  Project Year: 2019.04  -  2023.03 

  Direct: 3,300,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 4,290,000 (YEN)  Total: 990,000 (YEN)

• Phosphorus from food additives -focused on child poverty-

  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)

  Project Year: 2016.04  -  2018.03 

  Investigator(s): Ito Sanae, ISHIDA HIROMI 

  Direct: 3,000,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 3,900,000 (YEN)  Total: 900,000 (YEN)

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  We analyzed 7310 dishes from dietary records on 2 holidays recorded by 310 Japanese children. The 117 dishes with the potentiality of including phosphorus from food additives were purchased. Phosphorus and calcium content were analyzed directly, and also calculated by using the food composition table. The average percentage of analyzed value of calculated value was 112%. Instant noodles or processed meats/fishes which are shown to be consumed more by poverty group in the previous study were not especially underestimated by the calculating method.

• Study of adequate phosphorus intake for keeping bone mass

  Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity start-up

  Project Year: 2011.04  -  2013.03 

  Direct: 1,800,000 (YEN)  Overheads: 540,000 (YEN)  Total: 2,340,000 (YEN)

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