青山　洋昭 (アオヤマ　ヒロアキ)

aoyama hiroaki

写真a

職名

特命講師

科研費研究者番号

20468078
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  • 専任   琉球大学   研究基盤統括センター   特命講師  

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  • 琉球大学 -  博士（理学）  ライフサイエンス / 細胞生物学

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  • 分子生物学

  • 考古科学

  • 研究基盤

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  • 学芸員

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  • Population admixtures in medaka inferred by multiple arbitrary amplicon sequencing

    Shingo Fujimoto, Hajime Yaguchi, Taijun Myosho, Hiroaki Aoyama, Yukuto Sato, Ryosuke Kimura

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS ( NATURE PORTFOLIO )  12 ( 1 )   2022年11月 [ 査読有り ]

    掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

    　概要を見る

    Cost-effective genotyping can be achieved by sequencing PCR amplicons. Short 3-10 base primers can arbitrarily amplify thousands of loci using only a few primers. To improve the sequencing efficiency of the multiple arbitrary amplicon sequencing (MAAS) approach, we designed new primers and examined their efficiency in sequencing and genotyping. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we applied it to examining the population structure of the small freshwater fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). We obtained 2987 informative SNVs with no missing genotype calls for 67 individuals from 15 wild populations and three artificial strains. The estimated phylogenic and population genetic structures of the wild populations were consistent with previous studies, corroborating the accuracy of our genotyping method. We also attempted to reconstruct the genetic backgrounds of a commercial orange mutant strain, Himedaka, which has caused a genetic disturbance in wild populations. Our admixture analysis focusing on Himedaka showed that at least two wild populations had genetically been contributed to the nuclear genome of this mutant strain. Our genotyping methods and results will be useful in quantitative assessments of genetic disturbance by this commercially available strain.

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  • A new perspective on the evolution of "Kawara" roof tiles in Ryukyu: A multidisciplinary non-destructive analysis of roof tile transition at Shuri Castle, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

    Hiroaki Aoyama, Kaishi Yamagiwa, Wataru Taira, Takeshi Kon

    PloS one   17 ( 11 ) e0277560   2022年 [ 査読有り ]

    掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

    　概要を見る

    A unique historical architecture was created at Shuri Castle (Shuri-jo) in the Ryukyu Islands by its "Kawara" roof tiles. After the 13th and 14th centuries, Kawara tiles were introduced to the Ryukyu Islands from several regions, including China, Korea, and mainland Japan, and evolved shapes and patterns that are unique to this island region. However, the transition of some internal features, such as the chemical components and microstructure, had not been analyzed. This study used a multi-faceted approach for such internal data and non-destructive quantitative methods to propose a new perspective on the evolution of historical Ryukyuan Kawara. We analyzed two styles of Ryukyuan Kawara from the 13th to 15th centuries and found that the material processing and firing conditions of the two styles were very similar, even though it had been suggested that they had different origins. A quantitative analysis of tiles from the 16th to 19th centuries revealed a transition in color tone to red, leading to the modern traditional Ryukyuan tiles; traces of changes in firing conditions were also found along with this transition. Finally, the study revealed that the evolution of Ryukyuan Kawara consisted of changed factors, e.g. surface color, and unchanged factors, e.g. paste density. Previous archaeological studies mainly focused on changing external characteristics, such as form and pattern; however, our analysis showed that the internal features changed, while the elemental composition and paste density remained constant from the appearance of the roof tiles until the 19th century. We propose that this is related to different responses of individual factors to external stressors, such as the social context, which may be common to other archaeological artifacts as well. Our study provides a new perspective on the evolution of Ryukyuan Kawara and presents a different discussion of and methods for the chronological study of material culture.

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  • Non-destructive elemental analysis of prehistoric potsherds in the southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: Consideration of the pottery surface processing technique in the boundary region between the Japanese Jōmon and Neolithic Taiwan

    Hiroaki Aoyama, Kaishi Yamagiwa, Shingo Fujimoto, Jin Izumi, Senri Ganeko, Shingo Kameshima

    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports ( Elsevier BV )  33   102512 - 102512   2020年10月 [ 査読有り ]

    掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

    　概要を見る

    The southern Ryukyu islands are at the southwest end of the Japanese Archipelago, and can be regarded as boundary region between Japan and Taiwan. Some artifacts with a presumed relationship with Neolithic Taiwan were found, dated to 4,800–3,300 BP. “Shimotabaru-type" pottery in particular could indicate cultural propagation from Taiwan due to similar pottery shapes. Other factors, like manufacturing techniques, have not been discussed much. Interestingly, some of this pottery had a characteristic heterogenous surface structure, which showed the possibility of some surface processing techniques like the slips or paint that is an indicative connection between the Southern Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed this structure on Shimotabaru pottery using nondestructive methods such as X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Chemical analysis revealed that this structure was mainly composed of phosphorus and calcium, which differed from the Neolithic “red-coating" in Taiwan or other surface processing found in surrounding regions. Additionally, we also compared the chemical composition of the potsherd structure with the organic remains and soil associated with the potsherds, and concluded that it was not artificial surface processing but was caused by post-depositional alternation of many faunal remains. To our knowledge, this report is the first case in this region showing a distinct color change in the pottery surface because of coexisting faunal remains. Our results indicated that the heterogenous surface structure of Shimotabaru pottery was not kind of surface treatment but incidental and a result of the post-depositional environment. This result showed the surface processing such as slip or paint had not been developed in the Shimotabaru phase and supported an inconstant and weak cultural relationship the southern Ryukyu islands and surrounding regions, which in turn caused a re-estimation of the previous cultural relationship hypothesis.

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  • Development of 22 Microsatellite Markers for Assessing Hybridization in the Genus Gekko (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

    Okamoto K, Kurita T, Nagano M, Sato Y, Aoyama H, Saitoh S, Shinzato N, Toda M

    Current herpetology ( 日本爬虫両棲類学会 )  39 ( 1 ) 66 - 74   2020年 [ 査読有り ]

    掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

    　概要を見る

    <p><i>Gekko yakuensis</i> and <i>G. tawaensis</i>, both endemic to western Japan, are threatened by genetic introgression from <i>G. hokouensis</i> and <i>G. japonicus</i>, respectively. To know detailed situation of their hybridizations for planning relevant conservation measures, development of sensitive genetic markers is desired. We here developed microsatellite markers based on the sequences obtained from <i>G. hokouensis</i> using 454 GS Junior sequencer, and tested stability of PCR amplification and species-specificity of alleles at each locus using <i>G. hokouensis</i>, <i>G. yakuensis</i>, <i>G. japonicus</i>, and <i>G. tawaensis</i>. The results showed that 22 loci were almost constantly amplified in more than one species. We further confirmed that there were fixed or nearly fixed allelic displacement between <i>G. hokouensis</i> and <i>G. yakuensis</i>, and between <i>G. japonicus</i> and <i>G. tawaensis</i> at 14 loci. Thus, these 22 loci are considered to be useful for evaluation of hybridizations between these pairs of species.</p>

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  • A possible new oldest pottery group in the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: Comparative analysis of elemental components of potsherds from the Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave Site

    Kaishi Yamagiwa, Shingo Fujimoto, Hiroaki Aoyama, Jin Izumi, Shingo Kameshima

    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports ( Elsevier BV )  26   101879 - 101879   2019年08月 [ 査読有り ]

    掲載種別: 研究論文（学術雑誌）

    　概要を見る

    Ancient potsherds dating to about 10,000 years BP excavated in the Shiraho-Saonetabaru (SRS) cave site in the Southern Ryukyu Islands in the southwestern part of Japan archipelago are the oldest example of pottery usage in the island region of the southern East China Sea, including the Northern and Southern Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and the Philippines. However, their cultural continuity and relationship with the following period or with any other regions have not been elucidated as their condition made analysis extremely difficult. In this study, we conducted a chemical analysis of typical potsherds from the Shiraho-Saonetabaru cave site using an X-Ray fluorescence microscope. Although analyzing their visible peculiarities was difficult because of fragmentation and chemical analysis with sample destruction was impossible because of their scarcity value, our method enabled us to unravel the elemental characteristics of their paste despite possessing only very small samples that could not be destroyed. We also compared these oldest potsherds with those of the following period in the same region using statistical multivariate analysis; the results showed that the oldest potsherds differed from the later ones, suggesting a new model of chronological transition for the first pottery usage in this region. This study represents a novel approach to identifying the oldest potsherds in the southern East China Sea region, and also provides a new solution to the problem of what to do with smaller ceramic fragments that are relatively rare.

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  • Atlas of Plant Cell Structure

    Aoyama H, Nakamura S ( 担当: 単著 , 担当範囲: Dynamic transition of mitochondrial morphologies during germination in living zygospore )

    ■■■  2014年

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研究発表等の成果普及活動 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

  • 琉球大学の研究基盤整備と評価

    青山洋昭

    2022年度 国立国語研究所IRシンポジウム 「研究資源の提供を適切に評価する指標とは何か」  (国立国語研究所)  2023年03月  -  2023年03月   

  • 地方大学の研究基盤の在り方とは～シンポジウムから見た地方大学の現状と課題～

    青山洋昭,平良渉,髙江洲伊知子,尾崎百,昆健志

    研究・イノベーション学会第37年次学術大会  2022年10月  -  2022年10月   

  • 琉球大学における研究基盤整備とその運用~機器共用化の推進と地域ネットワークの構築~

    青山洋昭

    琉球大学コアファシリティ構築支援プログラムシンポジウム~地方大学における 研究基盤の在り方とは~  2022年07月  -  2022年07月   

  • 琉球大学の研究基盤戦略とコアファシリティ構想について

    青山洋昭

    令和３年度 琉球大学研究推進アドバイザー会議  2022年02月  -  2022年02月   

  • 琉球大学のコアファシリティ構想について

    青山洋昭

    第24回 九州・山口地区 機器・分析センター会議  2021年11月  -  2021年11月   

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